Term
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Definition
occurs when the heart muscle is perfused adequately except during exertion or increased demand. There is no damage to heart muscle, and the basic reflexes surrounding the pain restore blood flow to the heart muscle.
this can go on for a long time with no resultant MI. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing of the coronary arteries becomes more pronounced, the heart may experience episodes of ischemia even when the patient is at rest. No damage to heart muscle occurs, the person is at increased risk of a complete blockage of blood supply to the heart muscle if the heart needs to work harder or the oxygen demand decreases. |
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Term
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Definition
| an unusual form of angina because it seems to be caused by spasm of the blood vessels and not just by vessel narrowing. The person with this type of angina has angina at rest, often the same time each day, and usually with an associated electrocardiogram pattern change. |
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Term
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Definition
| The body's response to a lack of oxygen in the heart muscle is pain(Angina) |
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Term
Nitrades
Use and prototypes |
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Definition
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitrobid)
Prevention & treatment of
attacks of angina pectoris |
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Term
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Definition
Relax & dilate veins,arteries, & capillaries.
Increase blood flow
through vessels & lowers
systemic blood pressure
because of a drop in resistance |
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Term
Nitrades
Contraindications |
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Definition
Allergy
Severe anemia
Head trauma or cerebral
hemorrhage
Pregnancy/lactation
Hepatic or renal disease
Hypotension, hypovolemia,
or decreased cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
Headache*
Reflex tachycardia
Nausea/vomiting
Syncope
Flushing
Sweating |
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Term
Beta-blockers
Prototypes and Uses |
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Definition
Metoprolol (Toprol, ToprolXL)
Long-term management of angina pectoris caused by atherosclerosis
Combined with nitrates to increase exercise tolerance
Treatment of hypertension
(dose related effects)
Not used for prinzmetal angina |
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Term
|
Definition
Competitively block beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart & juxtoglomerular
apparatus decreasing the influence of the
sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| Beta Blockers Contraindications |
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Definition
Allergy
Pregnancy/lactation
Bradycardia
Heart block
Cardiogenic shock
Diabetes
PVD
Asthma, COPD
Thyrotoxicosis |
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Term
| Beta Blockers Adverse Effects |
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Definition
fatigue weakness*
CNS
GI
Dyspnea, cough,
bronchospasm
Decreased cardiac output,
arrhythmias, heart failure
Decreased exercise
tolerance & malaise |
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Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
Prototype and Use |
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Definition
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor CR)
Treatment of Prinzmetal angina,
chronic angina, effort associated
angina
Treatment of hypertension |
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Term
Calcium Channel blockers
Action |
|
Definition
Block the move
ment of calcium across
the membranes of myocardial &
arterial smooth muscle cells, altering
the action potential & blocking muscle
contraction |
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Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| Peripheral edema (Monitor weight and most importantly RESPIRATION!) |
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Term
Calcium Channel blockers
Contraindictions |
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Definition
Allergy
Pregnancy/lactation
Hepatic or renal dysfunction
Heart block or sick sinus syndrome |
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Term
| Nitrates patient teaching |
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Definition
-Take med as directed, even if feeling better.
-Change position slowly
-Avoid alcohol use
-headache is a common side effect
-Advise HCP if dry mouth of blurred vision occurs
- |
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Term
| Beta Blockers Patient Teaching |
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Definition
-take med as directed.
-make sure it is always available wherever they go
-teach to check BP and pulse
-May cause drowsiness (avoid driving)
-change position slowly
-increase sensitivity for cold
-Diabetis should closely montiro blood sugar
-Advise HCP of (slow pulse,difficulty breathing, wheezing, cold hands and feet, dizziness, ligh headedness, confusion, drepression, rash, fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding, bruising occurs) |
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Term
Calcium Channel Blocker
Patient Teaching |
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Definition
Avoid grapefruit
Contact HCP if BPM <50
Drowsiness\change position slowly
Anginal attacks may occur 30 minutes after
Take Nitrites with the ccb as normal
Report excessive headache and shortness of breath
Monitor BP and Cardiac Rhythms |
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Term
Calcium Channel blockers
Lab Considerations |
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Definition
Total serum calcium concentrations are not affected by calcium channel blockers..
Monitor serum potassium periodically. Hypokalemia ↑ risk of arrhythmias; should be corrected..
Monitor renal and hepatic functions periodically during long-term therapy. Several days of therapy may cause ↑ in hepatic enzymes, which return to normal on discontinuation of therapy.. |
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Term
| Precipitating factors for angina |
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Definition
| Stress, high blood pressure, diabetes, tobacco use, High cholesterol, COPD, Heart Disease, Obesity, lack of exercise |
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Term
| Nitrates are available in many different forms because |
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Definition
| Availability bypasses 1st pass effect |
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers do what to the preload and afterload? |
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Definition
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