Term
| mechanical/physical weathering |
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Definition
| rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of rock particles by wind, water,ice or gravity |
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Definition
| grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
| that a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces tha tallow water to seep through it. |
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Term
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Definition
| loose, weatherd material on Earth's surface in which plats can grow. |
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Term
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Definition
| solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
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Term
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Definition
| dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay |
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Term
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Definition
| the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it |
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Term
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Definition
| crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus,clay, and other materials |
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Term
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Definition
| one that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time |
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Term
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Definition
| area where wind erosion caused servere loss of topsoil during the 1930s |
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Term
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Definition
| management of soil to prevent its destruction |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little possible |
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Term
| What factors cause mechanical/ physical weathering? |
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Definition
| mechanical weathering breaks rock into pieces by freezing and thawing, release of pressure, growth of plants, and actions of animals |
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Term
| Describe three causes of chemical weathering. |
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Definition
| water,oxygen, and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| What factors affect the rate of weathering? |
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Definition
| The rate at which weathering occurs are type of rock and climate |
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Term
| Explain why chemical weathering occurs faster in hot, wet climates than in cool, dry climates. |
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Definition
| chemical reactions occur faster at higher temperatures |
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Term
| What role does weathering play in the formation of soil? |
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Definition
| soil forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface |
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Term
| What are the different materials that make up soil? |
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Definition
| soil is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water |
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Term
| how do plants and animals affect the formation and composition of soil? |
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Definition
| some soil arganisms mix the soil and make space in it for air and water. pg 238 bold print |
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Term
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Definition
| soil made up of equal parts of silt, clay, and sand |
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Term
| how do forest soils differ from prarie soils? |
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Definition
| prarie soil forms in cold dry climates and forest soil foirms in a cold wet climate and prarie also has a thick layer of humus when forest soil has a thin layer |
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Term
| Explain the importance of soil as one of Earth's resouces |
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Definition
| everything that lives on land depends directly or indirectly on soil |
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Term
| How did settlers on the Great Plains help create the Dust Bowl? |
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Definition
| plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. |
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Term
| what are some techniques that farmers use to conserve soil? |
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Definition
| soil conservation, contour plowing, and conservation plowing |
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Term
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Definition
| force that moves rock and other materials downhill |
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