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Weathering and Soil Formation
Definitions for chapter 7
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
The chemical and physical proceses that breaks down rock at Earths surface.
Term
erosion
Definition
The process by which water, wind, ice, or gravity move fragments of rock and/or soil.
Term
mechanical weathering (physical)
Definition
The type of weathering in which rock is broken into smaller pieces.
Term
abrasion
Definition
The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Term
ice wedging
Definition
The process by which water breaks rocks when it seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands.
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Term
permeable
Definition
Characteristics of material such as sand or gravel that allows water to pass through easily.
Term
soil
Definition
The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Term
bedrock
Definition
The solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
Dark colored, organic material in soil.
Term
loam
Definition
Rich fertile soil that is made up of equal parts clay, sand, and silt.
Term
soil horizon
Definition
A layer of soil that differs in color and texture than the soil above or below it.
Term
topsoil
Definition
The mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals that make up the crumbly topmost layer of soil.
Term
subsoil
Definition
The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals.
Term
litter
Definition
the loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil.
Term
litter
Definition
the loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil.
Term
decomposer
Definition
An organism that breaks down large molecules from dead organism into smaller molecules and returns important materials to the envirement.
Term
sod
Definition
a thick mass of grass roots and soil.
Term
renewable resource
Definition
A resource that that is naturally replaced in a reletively short time.
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
The area of the Great Plains where wind erosion caused soil loss during the 1930's.
Term
contour plowing
Definition
The proccess of plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
Soil conservation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year's crops are left in the soil to hold it in place.
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