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| The power of the media to bring attention to particular issues and problems. |
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| News reported and distributed by citizens |
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| Internet user with regular access to high-speed Internet connections and the technology and literacy skills to participate online for employment, news, politics, entertainment, commerce, and more. |
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| Requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public. |
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| FCC requirement for broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues to provide time for opposing views; the FCC ceased enforcing this doctrine in 1985. |
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| Power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted. |
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| News reporting devoted to a targeted portion (subset) of a journalism market sector or for a portion of readers/viewers based on content or ideological presentation. |
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| Preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor. |
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| FCC regulation giving individuals the right to have the opportunity to respond to personal attacks made on a radio or television broadcast. |
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| Tendency to focus news coverage on only one aspect of an event or issue, avoiding coverage of other aspects. |
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| Web-based and mobile-based technologies that are used to turn communication into interactive dialogue between organizations, communities, and individuals; social media technologies take on many different forms including blogs, Wikis, podcasts, pictures, video, Facebook, and Twitter. |
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| Acceptable margin of error for polling |
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| A political system where there is more than one center of power. |
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| Term used to denote the values and attitudes that people have about issues, events, and personalities. |
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| A person's basic orientations to politics. Deep-rooted goals, aspirations, and ideas that shape an individual's perceptions or political issues and events. |
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| A political system where a country is governed as one single unit. |
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| Critiqued the American Democratic experience and highlighted the large but limited role the population plays |
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| Contrary to Lippman, argued that voters are not fools and have enough information to make democracy work, and that voters pay more attention to issues when there is a sharper contrast between candidates |
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| Information Shortcuts, voters use small amounts of personal information to construct a narrative about candidates |
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| Framing Effects. Theorized that people vote based on "The Last Piece of Information" available. Response instability is due to the fact that individuals do not have fixed, stable attitudes on many issues but they do have propensities to respond one way or another. |
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| The process by which beliefs and values shape attitudes about political issues. |
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| Agents of Political Socialization |
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o Family (Parents, Party ID)
o School / Curriculum
o Religion
o Generational Effects (Important events)
o Life-cycle effects (getting older)
o Media Influence
People are usually settled into their values by age 24 |
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| The voting difference between men & women. Females tend to vote more liberal (Democrat), 10% more democrat than men by 1996 |
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| Gave women the right to vote in 1920. |
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| A Set of underlying orientations, beliefs, and ideas. |
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o Support social reform and a social safety net.
o Prefer change.
o Spend money
o Favor Welfare |
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o Prefer the social and economic status quo.
o Save money
o Favor free enterprise |
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| The extent to which an individual feels they have the ability to influence politics. |
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| A popular vote on a single political question/issue |
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Scientific instruments for measuring public opinion.
To be accurate:
o Must be based on a representative sample of the population (1500 people in the US)
o Validity depends on the sampling procedure used. |
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| One extreme is represented more than the other when graphed. |
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| Both extremes are well-represented, but moderate views are not. |
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| If a question mentions only one side of a controversy, that side will often get a disproportionate number of responses. |
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| The public seldom splits into polar camps on any issue; even when a middle position is not an option, some respondents will offer an intermediate alternative |
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| When people are asked whether they agree or disagree with an abstract statement they know little about, they tend to agree rather than disagree. |
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| Most people believe that good citizens should have opinions on current political topics, and will offer opinions on subjects they know little about. |
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| Unscientific survey used to gauge public opinion, usually getting undue attention. |
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| Purpose is not to gain information, but to weaken the respondent's support for one's opponent. |
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| Respondents will often answer polls in a manner they feel is the most socially acceptable, even if they do not necessarily agree. |
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