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(requirements for an adequate definition) |
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-should be equivalent to the term
-give the essential characteristics
-simple and lear
-not negative |
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| the creation of one word from another by the clipping off of a suffix (accretion-accrete) |
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| the removal of a letter of syllable at the beginning of a word (account-count) |
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| the clipping off of an unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word (adune-down) |
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| words formed of bases from different languages |
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| phonetic change of prefixes in front of bases to make a word easier to say. (ad- to aggravate)The base can also change. (sacr- to consecrate) |
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| process by which two identical sounds are made unlike, or two similar sounds are made to diverge. (turtur - turtle) |
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-words that provide a variety of meanings due to their sensation in similar situations
-can be emotional, operational, or symbolic or metaphorical (bite, scratch, and bulldozer, and circus) |
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| a word narrows its range of application (liqueur) |
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| a word gets a broader meaning (decimate) |
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| a word of very broad meaning branches out into several specific meanings with the same basic meaning (action) |
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| without change in spelling the word changes part of speech |
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| a word that originally had a good meaning, now means something negative (villain, hussy) |
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| words that once had a bad connotation, now are positive (fame, Lord) |
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| change from abstract to concrete, and vice versa |
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-a word that originally referred to a state or quality may come to signify an act or object (multitude)
-vice versa (tragedy, tongue) |
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| overused words become less forceful or vivd (nice, awesome) |
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| exaggeration (i was bored to death) |
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| change of meaning due to changing concepts |
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| ie humor once meant four types of bodily liquids (phlegm, yellow bile, blood, black bile) that determined a persons demeanor but once proved wrong became "quality which excites amusement" |
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| substituting a less direct phrase for a direct term (perspiration) |
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| unlucky or defensive term is disguised by mispronouncing it (god becomes golly, gosh, or gee) |
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| a roundabout way of specking (data base = records) |
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| making unfamiliar words resemble familiar words that appear to be related (female is really from femella/femina) |
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