Term
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Definition
| "artificially watering the land" when there is not enough water from rainfall |
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Term
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Definition
enables crops such as rice to be grown throughout the year
rainfall in Bangladesh is unevely distributed with 80% falling in the monsoon season |
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Term
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Definition
| the dry season between October and April |
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Term
| how much land is now irrigated and how? (3) |
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Definition
4.5 million ha of agricultural land (out of 8)
mostly by local schemes using water from wells which are dug to access groundwater (water stored in rocks underground)
or ponds which collect rainwater |
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Term
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Definition
| 13 million tonnes of cereals, mainly rice, which helps to improve food security |
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Term
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Definition
too much irrigation results in water-logged soils
irrigation water is evaporated by the high temperature during the dry season leaving a hard layer of salt called salt pan (poisonous to plants)
the rate at which water is being pumped out of the ground is too fast and the water table is falling
need to dig deeper which is more expensive |
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Term
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Definition
| high yielding varieties of crops such as wheat and rice |
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Term
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Definition
IR8 developed
shorter, stronger and therefore able to withstand high winds and very heavy rainfall
can be planted much closer together, so more crop per ha
shorter growing season, 2-3 crops per year
produces 3-4 times as much yield per ha |
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Term
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Definition
| extensively in e.g. Punjab, Haryana |
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Term
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Definition
| big increase in food production in India resulting in increased food security |
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Term
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Definition
requires intensive use of fertilisers and pesticides which are expensive and cause environmental damage
needs a plentiful supply of water
only relatively better off farmers can afford more expensive seeds, fertilisers etc.
gap between richer and poorer farmers widened |
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Term
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Definition
| crops which have been "genetically engineered" to give e.g. increased disease or pest resistance |
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Term
| where is the majority grown? |
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Definition
| the USA grows two thirds of the world's GM crops |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| maize, cotton, canola, soya |
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Term
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Definition
2/3 pre packaged food in USA have some GM content
first on sale in 1994
very controversial in Europe |
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Term
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Definition
Monsanto is a key TNC in the development and cultivation of GM crops
has faced bans when trying to export e.g. GM maize from the USA into European countries |
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