Term
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Definition
| The part of a physical landscape thats based on surface topography that contributes runoff to an outlet or point along a channel. |
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Term
| Two types of storms in MHL watershed |
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Definition
Summer thunderstorm in July, dumps 6 inches of rain during a 2 hour period.
Tropical Storm in September produces 10 inches of rain over a 24 hour period. |
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Term
| Annual amounts of activity in Connecticut |
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Definition
Precipitation - average of 44 to 48 inches across state.
Evapotranspiration - evaporation+transpiration: averages 22 to 24 inches.
Runoff in streams - averages about 22 to 26 inches. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Volume = Area * Depth
Volume = Discharge * time |
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Term
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Definition
| Average Rate = Depth / Time |
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Term
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Definition
Tipping Bucket
Weighing (Strip chart or electronic)
Pressure Transducer
Drop counter;e.g. by laser beam
Radar |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm Air pushes cooler air down. Low intensity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cold Air pushes warmer air up. High Intensity. |
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Term
| Average Intensity for period of Point Rainfall |
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Definition
| Average Intensity for period = Amount/Duration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Frontal Systems: Cold and Warm
Convective: Deep moist convection, do not produce lightning and thunder. Produces tornadoes,large hail,strong winds and flash flooding.
Orographic: Storm that is produced or significantly enhanced by mountain effects. |
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Term
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Definition
-Distribution
- Average for Basin
Simple mean
Area Weighted Average
Isohyetals
Thiessen polygons
- Area reduction Curves |
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Term
| Definition of Infiltration |
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Definition
Process of water entering into a soil.
- Total Amount that has entered the soil (mm)
- Infiltration Rate (mm/hour)
Infiltration Capacity (fp)e.g. mm/hour |
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Term
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Definition
| - Infiltration is the valve that controls the amount of surface run off and therefore flooding potential. Provides soil water for evapotranspiration and recharge of ground water (GW) Determines the erosional potential. Regulates non-point pollution, both surface and subsurface |
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Term
| Factors controlling Infiltration |
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Definition
Vegetation
Soil water content
Soil texture and structure
Depth to a water table
Surface condition (Bare/fallow/ground covers)
Macropores
-Earthworm channels
-Decayed root channels
Compaction/disturbances from tillage or traffic. |
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Term
| Fundamental Processes in Infiltration |
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Definition
Gravity
Capillarity or "Soil suction" due to surface tension. |
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Term
| High to low Infiltration surfaces |
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Definition
Woods
Meadows
pasture
Lowest infiltration - Fallow |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of rainfall "intercepted" and will not infiltrate into the ground or take part in the run off process. |
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Term
| Infiltration Relationships |
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Definition
| Runoff rate = Rainfall Intensity - Infiltration capacity Application rate = Rain or Precipitation App = runoff + infiltration |
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Term
| Average Residence Time Equation |
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Definition
| Average Residence Time = Storage Volume/inflow Rate |
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Term
| Maximum Intensity and Duration |
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Definition
| Maximum intensity decreases with increase in duration. Storms cannot keep high intensities for long durations. |
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Term
| Volume of water that falls on a watershed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The continuous movement of water on below and above the earths surface. |
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