Density

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A variety of factors affect water density, more water sinks, setting up convection currents

Ex 1: Oil and Water

Ex 2: Styrafoam cup is less dense than a ceramic cup

How much Density a susbstance has can be measured when it floats to the surface 

Surface currents are currents that occur near the surface of the ocean

Ex1: Warm currents

Ex2: Cool currents

Surface currents happen near or at the surface of the ocean

A process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface

There are upwellings and downwellings

Upwellings are vertical water movements powered by density

Ex1: Thermohaline currents are constant movements of surface and verticle currents across the globe driven by temapture and silinity 

A phenomenon that causes fluids like water and air, to curve as they travel across or above earth's surface

The coriolis effect can explain why some hurricanes go clockwise and some go counter clockwise

Ex1: Hurricane 

Ex2: Movement of weather patterns 

Deep ocean currents are currents driven by density and temapture gradients 

Ex1: Thermohaline Circulation 

Deep ocean currents are warmed at the equator then transported up to the poles to warm the water tempatures up there. 

The cycle of processes which water circulates between earth's oceans, atmosphere and land. involving precipiatation as rain and snow, drainage in streams and rivers, and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiritaion 

Ex1: Percipiataion is when it rains/snows which is a a part of the water cycle

Ex2: Evaporation is when the rain/snow turns into water particles and evaporates

The water cycle helps water circulate water

Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock

Ex1: creeks

Ex2: Streams

Usually Ground Water is in forest

Water that collects on the surface of the ground

Ex1: Pond

Ex2: Lake 

Surface Water collects at the surface aroudn pounds, Lakes 

Water table in a cross section of land 

Ex1: Surface Water, Unsaturated water 

Ex2: Water Table, Ground Water 

The water table is the top level of groundwater.

A shaft sunk into the ground to obtain water, oil, or gas 

Ex1: Borehole 

Ex2: Spring

She drew water from the well

A body of permeable rock that can contain and transmit groundwater 

Ex1: Replenishable

Ex2: Non replinshable

Mant countries like China, India and the united states are struggling with aquafiers 

Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers

Ex1: Saltwater 

Saltwater intrusion occurs naturally to some degree in most coastal aquifer

A barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level

Ex1: Barrier 

Ex2: Wall 

Dams can be used for hydroelectricty 

Agricutlure effects freshwater because agriculture accounts for 70% of our fresh water use 

Ex1: Runoff from 

Ex2: Applictaion of pesticides 

Recreational effects on freshwater include building buildings 

Ex1: Climate change 

Ex2: Global Warming

Recreational buldings can effect freshwater habitats/ecosystems drastically

Non point source pollution is pollution comes from many diffuse sources

Ex1: Excessive fertilizers

Ex2: Urban runoff

Oil grease is an example of non point source pollution

Point source pollution is any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship or factory smokestack

Ex1: Water Quality 

Ex2: Industrial plants

Industrial plants release chemicals into the air which is when point source pollution happens

Primary waste water treatments are processes are designed to achieve improvements in the quality of the wastewater. 

Ex1: Suspend Solids

Ex2: Biodegradable Organics 

Primary waste water treatements are closesly related to expectations set for effluent quality 

Secondary treatment is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality

Ex1: Sewege treatement 

Secondary treatment remove dissolved and suspended organic compounds

Tertiary treatment is the final cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused

Ex1: Patheogenic bacteria

Ex2: Nutrients

 Tertiary treament helps us make sure our water is completely clean

Sludge is a thick, soft, wet mud or a similar viscous mixture of liquid and solid components, especially the product of an industrial or refining process

Ex1: Mud

Ex2: Mire

Sludge can be any type of ooze forming a deposit at the bottom of bodies of water