Term
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Definition
| Domestic waste water, includes household water, toilet wastes, industrial wastes and rain water. |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of solid matter called sludge,bio activity not important. |
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Term
| secondary sewage treatment |
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Definition
biological degradation of organic matter in sewage after primary treatment.
-Activated sludge system
-trickling filters
-rotating biological contractors
95% BOD removed. |
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Term
| The process of sludge digestion |
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Definition
bacteria degrade organic matter and produce simpler organic compounds, CH4, C02
-Methane used heats the digester
-excess sludge is removed as landfill. |
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Term
| tertiary sewage treatment |
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Definition
| physical filteration, chemical percpitation to remove all the BOD,nitrogen and phosphorus, provides drinkable water. |
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Term
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Definition
aerobic, gram negative that ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas within 48 hours of being placed in a medium at 35C
-Used to test water indicate presence of human feces. |
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Term
| Important for a indicator |
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Definition
-all water types
-always present with pathogens and vice versa
-correlates to amount of pathogen
-easily dectectable
-survive longer, not dangerous. |
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Term
| bacterial-indicator organisms |
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Definition
coliforms: total,fecal,e.coli
streptoccoci: fecal strep,enterococci,
spore: clostridium perfringens. |
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Term
| Disadvantage of direct test |
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Definition
-time consuming, expensive, dangerous
-expertise. |
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Term
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Definition
-Causes Diarrhea, flagellated protozoan, causes infection via the feco-oral route
-resist chlorination via the feco-oral route.
-only practical identification is microscopy on concentrated water samples.
-filteration and boiling are preventive
-young children are 3x more likely
-causes diarrhea, intenstinal cramps, nausea, weightloss and low grade fever. |
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Term
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Definition
spread through fecal oral route.mild darrhea
-often stomach pain and low grade fever.
severe in young and aids patients
-prevention is through washing hands, highly resistant to chlorination. |
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Term
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Definition
-transmitted by contaminated food or water
-causes amoebic dysentry
-causes lesions and intestinal symptoms may reach blood stream.
-untreated causes invade lung and brain- severe abscesses- death.
- |
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Term
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Definition
-severe diarrhoeal disease
-transmission is by contaminated water
-release enterotoxin causes watery diarrhea, leads to dehydration and death. |
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Term
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Definition
legionella pneumophila
present in small numbers in lakes and streams, spread as aerosols
found in large number in cooling towels and evaporative condensers.
cough,sore, throat, fever- Pontiac disease- self limiting.
serious infection - pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
-salmonella typhi
-contaminated with feces from an infected person
-multiply in the blood stream of the infected person and are absorbed into the digestive tract and eliminated with the waste.
104F, profuse sweating, gasteroenteritis, and diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
Hep A: inflammation and necrosis
norwalk-type virus: acute gastroenteritis
rotaviruses: acute gasteroenteritis, especially in children
enteroviruses: many types affect intenstines and upper resp tract.
reoviruses: infect intestines and upper respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms protected by matrix |
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Term
| what do biofilms produce? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
trap nutrients for microbial growth and prevent detachment of cells from the surface.
-more diverse adhesion-colonization |
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Term
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Definition
improve survival, resist physical force, resist phagocytosis, intracellular communication, resist penetration by antibiotics. grow slower.
protects from antibiotics and immune system
colonize o catheter, artificial joints
dental plaque is a yellowish biofilm that build up on the teeth. |
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Term
| Human infections which involve biofilm |
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Definition
native valve endocarditis
cystic fibrosis
chronic bacterial prostatitis
otitis media |
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Term
| industrial significance of biofilm |
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Definition
cause equipment damage, product contamination and energy loss.
conventional methods don't work
some times colonization with patheogenic microbes- cholera. |
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Term
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Definition
| sewage treatment includes passing waster water over biofilms, causes extraction and digestion of organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| furanones are known to prevent biofilms. stable nontoxic. |
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