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Water Resources & Water Pollution & The Philippine C.W.Act
Reviewer on this topic
71
Environmental Studies
8th Grade
11/01/2012

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Cards

Term
Properties of Water
Definition
  • Hydrogen bond exists as a liquid
  • Liquid water changes temperature very slowly
  • It takes a lot of heat to be evaporated
  • It can dissolve a variety of compounds
  • The strong attractive forces of it's molecules causes its surface to contract
  • It expands when it freezes
Term
Boiling point of water
Definition

100 degrees Celsius

212 degrees Fahrenheit

Term
Freezing point of Water
Definition

0 degrees Celsius

32 degrees Fahrenheit

Term
Why does water change  its temperature slowly?
Definition
Because of the strong forces of attraction between its molecules
Term
What causes its surface to contract and also to adhere and coat a solid?
Definition
The strong attractive forces between the molecules of liquid water
Term
What causes water to stop being collected, purified, recycled, and distributed in the solar power hydrological cycle?
Definition
  • overloading water with slowly degradable and non-degaradable wastes.
  • withdraw it from underground supplies faster than it is replenished
Term
Surface runoff
Definition
water that folws into streams, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs 
Term
Watershed/Drainage Basin
Definition
region which water drains into a stream, stream system, lake reservoir, or other water body
Term
(4) Causes of Water Scarcity
Definition
  • Dry climate
  • Drought
  • Desiccation
  • Water Stress
Term
Desiccation
Definition
  • drying of the soil
  • deforestation & overgazing of livestocks
Term
Water Stress
Definition
lower per capita availability of water caused by increasing number of people relying on limited levels of runoff
Term
(5) Ways to increase the suply of fresh water in a particular area
Definition
  • Build dams and Reservoirs to store runoff
  • Bring in surface water from another area
  • withdrawal of groundwater convert salt water to fresh water
  • improve the efficiency of water use
Term
Desalination
Definition

removal of dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish water

(another way to increase freshwater supplies)

Term
(2) Methods of Desalination
Definition
  • Distillation
  • Reverse Osmosis
Term
(2) Downsides of Desalination
Definition
  • uses vast amounts of electricity
  • produces large quantities of brine containing high levels of salt and other minerals
Term
Brine
Definition
Water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt.
Term

When you dump concentrated brine into the ocean....

(what will happen?)

Definition
it increases the local salt concentration & threaten food resources in estuary waters
Term

When you dump concentrated brine on land....

(what will happen?)

Definition
contaminates ground water and surface water
Term
Cloud Seeding
Definition
  • This method is done woth tiny particles of chemicals (silver iodide)
  • the particles from water condensation nuclei produces more rain over dry regions and more snow over mountains
  • not useful in dry areas
Term
Mohammed El-Ashry of the World Resonance Institutes
Definition
  • 65-70% of water people use throughout the world is waste through evaporation, leaks and other processes
  • 25% thereby meeting moest of the world's water needs for the forseeable future.
Term

Natural flooding by streams

(CAUSE:)

Definition

-->Heavy Rain or Rapid Snow 

this causes water in the stream to overflow its normal chemical & to cover the adjacent called flood plain

Term

Flood plain

(USES)

Definition

-->includes highly productive wetlands

*provides natural flood and erosion control

*help maintain high water quality

*contributes to the recharging of groundwater

Term
Water Pollution
Definition
any chemical, biological, or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired use
Term
Classes of water pollution
Definition

disease causing agents/pathogens

oxygen-demanding wastes

water-soluble inorganic chemicals

inorganic plant nutrients

organic chemicals

sediment or suspended matter

Water-soluble radioactive isotopes

heat

genetic pollution

Term
Disease causing agents/pathogens
Definition
bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasite worms that enter water from domestic sewage and unheated human and animal wastes
Term
oxygen-demanding wastes
Definition
organic wastes that can be decomposed by aerobic bacteria
Term
water-soluble inorganic chemicals
Definition
acids, salts, compounds of toxic metals (Hg, Pb)
Term
Disadvantages of water-soluble inorganic chemicals
Definition
  • makes water unfit to drink
  • harms fish and aquatic life
  • lower crop yields
  • accelerate corrosion of metals exposed to such water
Term
inorganic plant nutrients
Definition
water-soluble nitrates and phospahates that can cause excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants
Term
disadvantages of inorganic plant nutrients
Definition
  • depletes water of dissolved oxygen and kills fish
  • drinking water with excessive levels of nitrates lowers the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
  • kills children and infants
Term
organic chemicals
Definition
oil, gasoline, plastics, cleaning solvents, detergents and many other chemicals
Term
disadvantages of organic chemicals
Definition
  • threatens human life
  • harms life and other aquatic life
Term
sediment or suspended matter
Definition

-->biggest class of water pollutants

insoluble particles of soil and other solids that become suspended in water mostly when soil is eroded from the land

Term
disadvantages of sediment or suspended matter
Definition
  • clouds water and reduces photosynthesis
  • disrupts aquatic food webs
  • carries pesticides, bacteria & other harmful substances
  • settles out & destroy feeding & spawning of fish
  • clogs fish lakes, artificial reservoirs, stream channels
Term
Water-soluble radioactive isotopes
Definition
some of which are concentrated or biologically magnified in various tissues and organs as they pass through food chains & webs 
Term
Disadvantages of Water-soluble radioactive isotopes
Definition
causes birth defects, cancer, & genetic damage
Term

 Heat

Definition
  • absorbed by water used to cool industrial & power plants
  • can lower water quality

 

 

Term
Thermal Pollution
Definition
resulting rise in water temperature, lowers dissolved oxygen levels
Term
Disadvantage of Heat
Definition
aquatic organisms are mor vulnerable to disease, parasites & toxic element
Term
Genetic pollution
Definition

occurs when aquatic systems are disrupted by the deliberate introduction of non-native species

 

Term
Disadvantages of genetic pollution
Definition
Species can crowd out native species, reduce biodiversity & cause economic losses
Term
Point sources of pollution
Definition
discharge pollutants as specific locations
Term
Non-point sources of pollution
Definition
cannot be traced to any single site of discharge
Term
Eutrophication
Definition
natural nutrient enrichment of lakes
Term
Cultural eutrophication
Definition

a process where near urban or agricultural areas, human activities can greatly accelerate the input of nutrients to a lake

 

Term
The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Definition

Republic Act No. 9275

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Term
CHAPTER 5 SECTION 27 of The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Definition
Prohibited Acts
Term
CHAPTER 5 SECTION 28 of The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Definition
Fines, Damages, and Penalties
Term
CHAPTER 5 of The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Definition
CIVIL LIABILITY/PENAL PROVISIONS
Term
The Legal Approach
Definition
Something we can do about water pollution from non-pount sources.
Term
The Technological Approach
Definition
Something we can do about water pollution from point sources
Term
Sewage
Definition
where sewage from each house usually is discharged
Term
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Definition
Treats the sewage
Term
PRIMARY SEWAGE TREATMENT
Definition
A mechanical process that uses a screen to filter out debris such as sticks, stones & rags; suspended solids settle out as sludge in a settling tank
Term
Sludge
Definition

Gooey mixture of toxic chemicals,

infectious agents, and settled solids

removed from wastewater at a sewage

treatment plant.

Term
SECONDARY SEWAGE TREATMENT
Definition
  • A biological process in which aerobic bacteria are used to remove up to 90% of biodegradable, oxygen-demanding organic wastes
  • This usually involves bringing sewage and bacteria together in trickling filters or in the activated sludge process. 
Term
Oxygen-demanding organic wastes
Definition

Organic materials that are usually

biodegraded by aerobic (oxygenconsuming)

bacteria if there is enough

dissolved oxygen in the water. 

Term
Trickling Filters
Definition
aerobic bacteria degrade sewage as it seeps through a bed of crushed stones coveredwith bacteria and protozoa
Term
Activated Sludge Process
Definition
sewage is pumped into a large tanks and mixed for several hours with bacteria-rich sludge & air bubbles to facilitate degradation by microorganisms
Term
ADVANCED SEWAGE TREATMENT
Definition

Specialized chemical and physical

processes that reduce the amount of

specific pollutants left in wastewater

after primary and secondary sewage

treatment. This type of treatment

usually is expensive.

Term
CHLORINATION
Definition
A ususal method that causes cancer
Term
Bleaching
Definition
to remove water chlorination
Term
Disinfection
Definition
to kill disease-carrying bacteria & some but not all viruses
Term
Ozone and Ultraviolet Light
Definition
a method used in some places, but it is expensive and is not long lasting
Term
Ways to treat sewage by means of nature
Definition
  • Create artificial wetland
  • Set-up greenhouse lagoon & use natural food chains
  • Use waste water to grow forests
Term
Create artificial wetland
Definition
low-tech, low cost alternative to expensive waste treatment plants (Arcata, California)
Term
Set-up greenhouse lagoon & use natural food chains
Definition

decomposition is speeded up by sunlight scanning into the greenhouse

(John Todd)

Term
Living Machines
Definition
the purification process whe sewage flows to a greenhouse containing rows of 3 large tanks full of aquatic plants such as water hyacinths, cattails, & bulbrushes
Term
Use waste water to grow forests
Definition

can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while the trees are growing & thus help slow projected global warming

(El Burton)

Term
Wetlands
Definition

An area characterized by a high

content of soil moisture, such as a

swamp or bog.

Term
3 underlying resources in unsustainable ways
Definition
  • Depletion or degradation of a shared resource
  • Population growth
  • Unequal distribution
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