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100 cc, there are 100 fine calibration lines marking the capacity. |
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| small glass container that holds a single dose of sterile solution for injection. The ampule must be broken at the neck to obtain the solution. |
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| medicated creams, often of antibiotic or antifungal nature, that are to be inserted vaginally with the use of a special applicator. |
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| suppository, enema solution. The most common classifications of drugs given rectally include sedative, antiemetic’s (prevent vomiting), and antipyretics (reduce fever). Local analgesic effect may also be achieved by this route. |
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| injected directly into a vein. Immediate absorption and availability to major organs, dangerous route. |
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| skin patch containing drug molecules that can be absorbed through the skin at varying rates to promote a consistent blood level between application times. |
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| a large volume of fluids, often with drugs added, that infuses continually into a vein. |
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| injected just beneath the skin, by positioning the needle bevel up and the syringe at a 15-degree angle from the skin. Primarily for allergy skin testing. |
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| a small volume of drug injected into a peripheral saline lock, attached to a vein. An IV push medication can also be injected into a port on a primary injection line. |
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| a semisolid preparation containing a drug, for external application. Note: Creams and ointments are not the same. The dose used differs for each. |
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| preparation for external use that is rubbed on the skin as a counterirritant, to mask pain in the skin or muscles. |
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| refers to any route not involving the GI tract, including injection, topical (skin or mucosal), and inhalation routes. Drugs enter the bloodstream immediately. |
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| fastest route to give drugs. |
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| acquired need for a drug that may produce psychological or physical symptoms of withdrawal when the drug is discontinued. |
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| unique, unusual, and unexpected response to a drug. |
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| decreased response to a drug that develops after repeated doses are given. |
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| severe, possibly fatal, allergic (hypersensitivity) response. |
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| Signs of anaphylactic reaction |
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| itching, urticarial (hives), hyperemia (reddened, warm skin), vascular collapse, shock, cyanosis, laryngeal edema, and dyspnea. |
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| capsule containing drug particles that have various coatings that differ in the amount of time required before the coating dissolve. Delivers a dose of drug over an extended period of time. |
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| tablet containing palatable flavoring, indicated for local effect on the throat or mouth. |
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| liquid form of medication that must be shaken well before administration because the drug particles settle at the bottom of the bottle. The drug is not evenly dissolved in the liquid. |
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| that affect speed of drugs being processed are age, weight, gender, psychological state. |
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| primary site of process (kidneys, sweat glands, lungs, or intestines); conditions that may hamper (renal damage or kidney failure may prevent passage of drug waste products, thereby causing an accumulation of the drug in the body). |
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| primary site of process (liver); conditions that may hamper (hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, or a damaged liver may prevent adequate breakdown of drug, thus causing a buildup of unmetabolized drug). |
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| primary site of process (circulatory system, through capillaries and across cell membranes); conditions that may hamper (poor circulation-impaired flow of blood- may prevent drug from reaching tissues). |
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| primary site of process (mucosa of the stomach, mouth, small intestine, or rectum; blood vessels in the muscles or subcutaneous tissues; or dermal layers); conditions that may hamper (incorrect administration may destroy the drug before it reaches the bloodstream or its site of action – e.g., giving certain antibiotics after meals instead of on an empty stomach). |
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| Slow absorption of a drug |
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| presence or absence of food in the stomach. Food in the stomach tends to slow absorption due to a slower emptying of the stomach. If a fast drug effect is desired, an empty stomach will facilitate quicker absorption. |
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| dose required to keep the drug blood level as a steady state in order to maintain the desired effect. |
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| reaches widespread areas of the body(e.g. acetaminophen [Tylenol] suppository, although given rectally, has the ability to be absorbed and distributed throughout the body to cause a general reduction in fever and pain). |
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| a list of medical conditions or diseases for which the drug is meant to be used. |
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| a description of the cellular changes that occur as a result of the drug. |
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| causes damage to the kidneys, resulting in impaired kidney function, decreased urinary output, and renal failure. |
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| causes damage to the eighth cranial nerve, resulting in impaired hearing or ringing in the ears (tinnitus). Damage may be reversible or permanent. |
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| the name by which a pharmaceutical company identifies its product; is copyrighted and used exclusively by that company. |
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| to be present on the prescription of controlled substances. |
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| controlled substance cannot be called in. |
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| the exact molecular formula of the drug; usually a long, very difficult name to pronounce and of little concern to the health care practitioner. |
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| can be distinguished from the generic name by capitalized first letter and is often shown on labels and references with the symbol ® after the name (for “registered” trademark). |
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| can be refilled up to five times in a 6 month period. |
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| other professionals that must be registered and identify with their own DEA number are drug manufactures, pharmacists, physicians, veterinarians and so on. |
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| depressants, stimulants, psychedelics, narcotics, and anabolic steroids have tighter controls set by the Controlled Substances Act. |
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| set limitations on the use of prescription; guidelines were established by the Controlled substances Act for each of the five schedules of controlled substances, regulating the number of times a drug may be prescribed in a six-month period as well as for which schedules prescriptions may be phoned in to the pharmacy, and so on. |
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| United States Pharmacopeia |
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| to specify the official US standards for making each drug. |
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| rules set to assure consumers that they get what they pay for. The law says that all preparation called by the same drug name must be of uniform strength, quality, and purity. |
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| 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act |
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| demanded that drug preparations containing dangerous ingredients have a labeled container indicating the ingredient. Originally there were eleven “dangerous” ingredients, such as morphine. |
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| prescription drug; determined unsafe for over-the-counter purchase because of possible harmful side effect if take indiscriminately. |
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| Food and Drug Administration |
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| created to provide consumer safety and more proof of the safety and effectiveness of new drugs; responsible for taking action against any unsafe dietary supplement product after it reaches the market. |
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| United Pharmacopeia (USP) |
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Definition
| established because no official written resources existed and to specify the official US standards for making each drug. |
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