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VVC Microbiology
Chapter 20 Pathogenic Gram Negative
34
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
05/12/2013

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Term
Gram negative bacteria
Definition
stain pink
largest group of human pathogenic bacteria
have Lipid A
best growth at 37 celcius
Term
Neisseria
Definition
gram negative cocci(only neg cocci)
diplococci(pairs)
nonmotile
aerobic
oxidase positive
Term
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
causes gonorrhea
gonococci adhere to genitals, urinary and digestive tract
asymptomatic in women, triggers pelvic inflammatory disease
Term
Neisseria meningitidis
Definition
normal microbiota of upper resp
life threatening in blood system
can cause death in 6hrs
septicema - blood poisoning
Term
Gammaproteobacteria
Definition
gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobic
most human pathogens
2 types - enterobacteriaceae and pasteurellaceae
Term
Gammaproteobacteria Enterobacteraceae
Definition
Enteric bacteria
oxidase negative
3 groups - coliform, non coliform, true pathogens
intestinal microbiota
found in water, soil and decaying vegetation
most common gram neg pathogen
Term
Enterobacteriaceae
Definition
coccobacilli or bacilli
motile
multiple fagella
capsules or slime lsayers
aerobic
ferments glucose
reduces nitrate to nitrite
has LPS lipopolysaccharide
Term
LPS lipopolysaccharide
Definition
common antigen - core pollysaccharide
O polysaccharide - antigenic varieties
Lipid A - triggers fever, vasodialation, inflammation
Term
Enterobacteriaceae virulence factors
Definition
fimbria, exotoxins, adhesions, virulence plasmids, hemolysis
sideophores - capture iron Fe
**Type III secretion - span peptidoglycan, enter host cell and introduce proteins
detected with McKonky agar
Term
Enterobacteriaceae Coliform
Definition
gram negative bacilli
aerobic or facultative aerobic
ferment lactose(fast)
found in soil, plants and digestive tracts
Term
Escherichia coli
Definition
Opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae
gram negative bacilli
coliform
most important colifrom
has virulent plasmids
causes gastroenteritis
**E. Coli 0157:H7 most prevalent
Term
Klebsiella
Definition
Enterobacteriaceae Opportunistic Coliform
gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobic
found in digestive and resp system
capsules protect bacteria from phagocytosis
K. pneumoniae - causes pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, UTI's
Term
Serratia
Definition
Enterobacteriaceae Opportunistic Coliform
gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobic
produces red pigment at room temp
grows on catheteres, saline solutions, and hosp supplies
life threatening opportunistic
Term
Enterobacter, Hafnia, and Citrobacter
Definition
Enterobacteriaceae Opportunistic Coliform
gram negative bacilli
found in digestive tract
noscomial infections
difficult to treat
Term
Proteus
Definition
Enterobacteriaceae Opportunistic NON coliform
gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobic
CAN NOT ferm lactose
UTI's from long term catheters
induces kidney stones
resistant to many drugs
has Urease - breaks down urea into CO2 and NH3
Term
Morganella, Providencia, Edwardsiella
Definition
Enterobacteriaceae Opportunistic Non Coliform
gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobic
noscomial in immunocompromised patients
UTI's
has Urease - turns pink if positive
Term
Slamonella, Shigella, Yersinia
Definition
Truly Pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae
gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobic
always produces pathogen
produce type III secretion systems
-proteins inhibit phagocytosis
-rearrange cytoskeletons and induce apoptosis(cell death)
Term
Salmonella
Definition
gram negative motile bacilli
found in intestines/feces of birds, mammals, reptiles
poultry and eggs common sources
causes salmonellosis and typhoid fever
can lead to peritonitis-perforation of intestine wall
Term
Shigella
Definition
gram negative nonmotile bacilli
primary parasite in human dig tract
shiga toxin - enterotoxin
causes shigellosis dysntery
Term
Yersinia
Definition
gram negative bacilli
normal pathogen of animals
has virulence plasmas
codes for adhesions
Type III secretion system
causes bubonic plague and pnuemonic plague
Term
Pasteurellaceae
Definition
pathogenic gram negative bacilli
facultative anaerobic
has oxidase
normal microbiota in oral and nasal cav
require heme/cytochromes for growth
causes pasteurella and haemophilus
Term
Haemophilus Influenzae
Definition
caused by Pasteurellaceae
have capsule that resist phagocytosis
H. influenza Type B most common source of meningitis
HIB vaccine
HIB-4 vaccine for Type B
Term
Haemophilus ducreyi
Definition
sexually transmitted
causes genital ulcers - chancroid
asymptomatic in women
Term
Bartonella
Definition
gram negative aerobic bacilli
found in animals but causes disease in humans
3 species - Bartonellosis fatal headaches
trench fever - transmitted by human lice
cat scratch fever - local swelling
Term
Brucella
Definition
gram negative aerobic coccobacilli
nonmotile
causes brucellosis - asymptomatic mild disease contaminated dairy products
Term
Bordetella
Definition
gram negative aerobic nonmotile coccobacillus
causes pertusis - whooping cough
4 toxins - pertusis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, dermonecrotic toxin, tracheal cytotoxin
Term
Burkholderia
Definition
gram negative aerobic bacilli
flagellated
decomposes organic molecules
cleans up environment
used by farmers
opportunistic in cystic fibrosis patients
Term
Pseudomonads
Definition
gram negative aerobic bacilli
problematic in hospitals
pseudomonas aeruginosa rarely cause diseasse, can colonize any organ/system, biofilm protects from phagosytosis
Term
Pseudomonads moraxella
Definition
opportunistic of sinuses, bronchi, ears, lungs
Term
Pseudomonads acinetobacter
Definition
grows in soil, water, sewage
resp tract
Urinary tract
CNS
Term
Legionella
Definition
gram negative aerobic pleomorphic
found in water
intracelluar parasite
causes pneumonia
Term
Coxiella brunetii
Definition
gram negative aerobic bacilli
extremely small
infective spores
can live inside phagolysosome(obligate)
microbiota of GI, lower resp
***important to human health, synthesizes vitamins, vitamin precursor, aids digestion
Term
Bacteroides
Definition
gram negative anaerobic bacilli
normal microbiota
Bacteroides fragillis - abdominal infection, genital infection in women, wound infection on skin
Term
Prevotella
Definition
gram negative anaerobic bacilli
causes sinus/ear infections, peridontal infection, gynecological infections, brain abcesses
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