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| THIS TYPE OF VOLCANO IS A STRATOVOLCANO, SOMETIMES CALLED A COMPOSITE VOLCANO |
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| TYPICALLY A STEEP-SIDED, SYMMETRICAL CONE OF LARGE DIMENSION BUILT OF ALTERNATING LAYERS OF LAVA FLOWS, VOLCANIC ASH, CINDERS, BLOCKS, AND BOMBS AND MAY RISE AS MUCH AS 8000FT ABOVE THEIR BASE. |
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MT FUJI IN JAPAN
MT ST HELENS, RAINIER AND SHASTA IN THE US CASCADE RANGE
MT VESUVIUS IN ITALY
MT PINATUBO IN PHILIPINES
ALL ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPE OF VOLCANO? |
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| A SHIELD VOLCANO IS BUILT ALMOST ENTIRELY OF FLUID LAVA FLOWS. FLOW AFTER FLOW POURS OUT IN ALL DIRECTIONS FROM A CENTRAL SUMMIT VENT OR A GROUP OF VENTS, BUILDING A BROAD GENTLY SLOPING CONE OF FLAT DOMICAL SHAPE. |
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KILAUEA AND MOUNA LOA IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
OLYMPUS MONS ON MARS
WHAT KIND OF VOLCANOES ARE THESE? |
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| HIGH SPEED AVALANCHES OF HOT ASH, ROCK FRAGMENTS AND GAS THAT CAN MOVE DOWN THE MOUNTAIN AT SPEEDS UP FO 150MPS AND REACH TEMPERATURES UP TO 1500F. FLOWS TEND TO FOLLOW VALLEYS AND ARE CAPABLE OF KNOCKING DOWN AND BURNING EVERYTHINGIN THEIR PATHS. |
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| A LAHAR MUD OR DEBRIS FLOW MADE MOSTLY OF VOLCANIC MATERIALS ON THE FLANKS OF A VOLCANO. THIS MIX OF MUD, ROCK AND WATER CAN RUSH DOWN VALLEYS AND STREAM CHANNELS AT SPEED UP TO 40MPH AND CAN TRAVEL MORE THAN 50 MILES. SOME CONTAIN SO MUCH ROCKDEBRIS THAT THEY LOOK LIKE RIVERS OF WET CONCRETE. LAHARS ARE POWERFUL ENOUGH TO RIP UP HOUSES, TREES AND HUGE BOULDERS AND CARRY THEM DOWNSTREAM FOR SEVERAL MILES |
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| OUTPOURING OF LAVA ONTO THE EARTH'S SURFACE |
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| RAPID DOWNHILL MOVEMENT OF ROCKY MATERIAL, SNOW AND (OR) ICE. RANGE IN SIZE FROM SMALL MOVEMENTS OF LOOSE DEBRIS O MASSIVE COLLAPSES OF THE ENTIRE SUMMIT OF SIDES OF A VOLCANO. THEY ARE TRIGGERED WHEN ERUPTIONS, HEAVY RAINFALL OR LARGE EARTHQUAKES CAUSE MATERIAL TO BREAK FREE AND MOVE DOWNHILL |
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| GASES EMITTED DURING AN ERUPTION OR QUITE PERIOD. CRACKS IN THE GROUND ALLOW GASES TO ESCAPE. |
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| CARBON DIOXIDE, SULFUR DIOXIDE, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, HYDROGEN AND FLUORINE ARE TYPES OF WHAT? THESE CAN LOWER THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE. |
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| ASH, GAS, FRAGMENTS AND BOMBS EJECTED FROM AN ERUPTING VOLCANO. COLUMN CAN REACH MILES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE AND TRAVEL HUGE DISTANCES FROM THE VOLCANO. ERUPTION CLOUDS CAN CAN POSE HEALTH HAZARDS AS WELL AS DANGERS TO AVIATION. |
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| PROCESS BY WHICH SOLID, LIQUID AND GASEOUS MATERIALS ARE EJECTED ONTO THE EARTH'S SURFACE OR INTO THE ATMOSPHERE BY VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. THESE MATERIALS RISE FROM THE MAGMA CHAMBER TO THE EARTH'S SURFACE |
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DORMANT: A VOLCANO THAT IS PRESENTLY INCACTIVE BUT MAY ERUPT AGAIN
ACTIVE: CURRETNLY ERUPTING OR HAS ERUPTED IN THE HISTORICAL PAST
EXTINCT: INACTIVE AND UNLIKELY TO ERUPT AGAIN |
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| PASSAGE (PIPE)FOR MAGMA TO REACH THE EARTH'S SURFACE |
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| BOWL SHAPED AREA THAT FORMS AT THE TOP OF THE VOLCANO AROUND A CENTRAL VENT |
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| LARGE BOWL SHAPED DEPRESSION FORMED BY THE COLLAPSE OF A VOLCANO AFTER ERUPTION. OFTEN IT WILL BE FILLED IN WITH WATER CREATING SOME BEAUTIFUL LAKES |
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| OPENING AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE THROUGH WHICH MOLTEN LAVA AND GASES POUR OUT |
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| MAGMA THAT HAS FLOWN OUT OF THE VOLCANO AND ONTO THE EARTH'S SURFACE |
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| CAVITY UNDER THE CRUST THAT CONTAINS THE GAS RICH LIQUID MAGMA WHICH FEEDS THE VOLCANO |
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| MOLTEN ROCK BENEATH THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH |
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| MOUNTAINS FORMED BY THEIR OWN ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS (LAVA, BOMBS, ASH. THESE MOUNTAINS ARE FORMED AROUND A VENT THAT CONNECTS TO A RESERVOIR OF MOLTEN ROCK BENEATH THE EARTH'S SURFACE. |
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| A HUGE VOLCANO THAT IF IT ERUPTED WOULD HAVE GLOBAL EFFECTS. |
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| UNDERWATER FISSURE ON THE OCEAN FLOOR FROM WHICH MAGMA ERUPTS |
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| SMALL BUT STEEP VOLCANO MADE OF LOOSELY PACKED VOLCANIC ASH AND CINDERS |
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| IN ITALY, BURIED POMPEII IN 79 A.D. IN A DEVASTATING ERUPTION |
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| IN INDONESIA, ERUPTED IN 1883, 36,000 FATALITIES, 24 SQ MILES BLOWN TO BITS. EXPLOSION WAS HEARD 3,000 MILES AWAY |
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| IN OREGON, THIS VOLCANO EXPLODED AND CREATED THE BEAUTIFUL CRATER LAKE. |
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