Term
| mechanisms of voice production |
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Definition
| respiraion, phonation, articulation, and resonance |
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Term
| causes of voice disorders |
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Definition
| disease, misuse, anatomic deviations, emotions, and change of vocal function due to abuse and use of vocal mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
biological-respiration
emotional function
linguistic function-supersegmental phonation-vocal stress rate, pitch level, changing pitch, changing loudness vocal quality and resonance |
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Term
| prevalance of voice disorders |
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Definition
| 10% of school kids have one but only 1% get treated-most common are in teachers, preachers, coaches. 75% of cheerleaders have one |
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Term
| prevalance of voice disorders |
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Definition
| 10% of school kids have one but only 1% get treated-most common are in teachers, preachers, coaches. 75% of cheerleaders have one |
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Term
| 3 major types of voice disorders |
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Definition
| organic, functional, and neurogenic |
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Term
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Definition
| structural deviation of vocal tract or disease |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by misuse and abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle control and nerve innervations caused at birth or damage to PNS or CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| vocal hygiene, eliminate negative behaviors, retran voice with corrective behaviors, and easy effortless voice (main goal) |
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Term
| treatment of vocal nodules: |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 aspects of normal voice: |
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Definition
| loudness, hygienic, pleasantness, flexibility, and representative |
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Term
| normal respiration plus efficient voicing gets a good voice |
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Definition
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Term
| inspiration: quite breathing |
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Definition
| nostrils-nasal cavities-nasopharynx-velopharyngeal port-oropharynx |
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Term
| inspiration: mouth breathing |
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Definition
| mouth-oral cavity-oropharynx-hypopharyns. air flows into larynx and passes between ventricular and true vocal folds into trachea |
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Term
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Definition
| the ribcage moves out, diaphragm moves down, shoulders raise up, and lungs expand. |
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Term
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Definition
| less dense in the lungs than outside air and draws air in (passive) air moves into less dense areas |
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Term
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Definition
| separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity. the relaxation of the diaphragm during expiration is a passive act. |
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Term
| muscles used in inspiration: |
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Definition
| diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoralis major and minor, costal elevators, serratus posterior, and neck accessory muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| passive (unless speaking)-in speech there is no muscle activity to supply the breath power. when singing or speaking long phrases we use the abdominal musculature |
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Term
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Definition
| lease efficient method of breathing. shoulders rise to increase the volume in the chest |
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Term
| diagphragmatic breathing: |
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Definition
| most efficient. abdomen expands as you breath in, diaphragm goes down |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air inspired and expired during a typical respiratory cycle. average male: 750 cc. average female: 340 cc |
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Term
| inspiratory reserve volume: |
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Definition
| maxium volume of air that can be inspired beyond or after the end of a tidal inspiration. 1500-2500 cc |
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Term
| expiratory reserve volume: |
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Definition
| maximum volume of air that can be expired beyond or after the end of a tital expiration 1500-2000 |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum epiration. air that cannot be forced from lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| total amount of air that can be expired from lungs and air passages following a maximum inhalation-less than 50% of what it sould be is a concern |
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Term
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Definition
| total amount of air that can be inspired and held in the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
epiglottis-protects airway
thyroid
cricoid-ring shaped cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
ossify with age
cuneiform-no clear function
corniculate-fine tune movements
arytenoids-important for moving VF |
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Term
| extrinsic laryngeal muscles |
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Definition
| purpose is to fixate, elevate, and depress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rase the laryngeal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| adduct and abduct the VF-primary function is to protect the larynx, secondary is voicing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| posterior cricoarytenoids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| false folds, helps with protection, thats it |
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Term
| myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation |
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Definition
| expiration-adductor muscle brings vocal folds together-as they approximate air pressure builds beneath them (subglottal pressure)-builds up the velocity air flow increases and blow the vocal folds open |
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Term
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Definition
| increase velocity-create negative pressure-sucks vocal folds together by negative pressure-subglottal pressure builds and blows the vocal folds apart |
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Term
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Definition
| how many times vf's open and closer per second-affets pitch-womens pitch decreases men's increases as they get older |
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Term
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Definition
| highest register-production of vibrating membrane of ANTERIOR 2/3 of vf's. |
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Term
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Definition
| bottom of register, hoarness |
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Term
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Definition
| chest, midvoice, falsetto |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 frequency 1 amplitude 1 phase |
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Term
| source filter output theory |
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Definition
| source is vf, output is what we hear |
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Term
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Definition
| patient description of problem, onset and duration of problem, variability, description of vocal use/misuse, prior treatment, family problems with voice |
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Term
| damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve |
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Definition
| unilateral vocal fold paresis |
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Term
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Definition
| medications, surgeries viruses, stress, GI problems |
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Term
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Definition
| where you speak that is most effortless |
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Term
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Definition
breathy-too much airiness
harsh-strained, too much vf action
hoarse-breath harshness, combination
strain-uncontroled spasticity-pseudobulbar patients have this |
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Term
| jitter (relative average purterbation) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| peak-to-peak variabiltiy of amplitude |
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Term
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Definition
| global estimation of pitch and amplitude |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluation of noise presence |
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Term
| mean speaking fundamental frequency |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental frequency in connected speech |
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Term
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Definition
| looseness of the adduction of vf's, breathy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bumpy tissue on POSTERIOR commissure |
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Term
| LPR-laryngeopharyngeal reflux |
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Definition
| upper esophagus back up into the laryngeal area |
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Term
| GERD-gastroesophageal reflux |
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Definition
| stomach up into esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory and motor to palate |
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Term
| superior laryngeal nerve branch |
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Definition
| cricothyroid-if lesion is unilaterally then you have 1 fold shorter than the other |
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Term
| recurrent laryngeal nerve branch |
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Definition
| innervates all 5 intrinsic muscles-one or both vf's will be in the adducted position |
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Term
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Definition
| too little or too musch steadiness-rapid involuntary movements-80%female- |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| parkinsons and hyperkinetic dysarthria-voice most affected-consistent cycles, rhythmic |
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