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61
Art History
Not Applicable
04/06/2011

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Term
archaeology
Definition
the scientific study of ancient people and cultures principally revealed through excavation
Term
cromlech
Definition
a circle of megaliths
Term
megalith
Definition
a stone of great size used in the construction of a prehistoric structure
Term
mehir
Definition
a large uncut stone erected as a monument in the prehistoric era
Term
mortise-and-tenon
Definition
a groove cut into stone or wood, called a mortise, that is shaped to receive a tenon, or projection, of the same dimensions
Term
post-and-lintel
Definition
a method of construction in which two posts support a horizontal beam, called a lintel
Term
apadana
Definition
an audience hall in a Persian palace
Term
capital
Definition
the top element of a column
Term
cuneiform
Definition
a system of writing in which the strokes are formed in a wedge or arrowhead shape
Term
cylinder seal
Definition
a round piece of carved stone taht when rolled onto clay produces an image
Term
facade
Definition
the front of a building. sometimes, more poetically, a speaker can refer to a "side facade" or a "rear facade"
Term
ground plan
Definition
the map of a floor of a building
Term
hieratic scale
Definition
a system of representation that expresses a person's importance by the size of his or her representation in a work of art
Term
lamassu
Definition
a colossal winged human-headed bull in Assyrian art
Term
negative space
Definition
empty space around an object or a person, such as the cut-out areas between a figure's legs or arms of a sculpture
Term
relief sculpture
Definition
sculpture that projects from a flat background. a very shallow relief sculpture is called a bas-relief (pronounced: bah-relief)
Term
stele
Definition
(plural: stelai) a stone slab used to mark a grave or a site
Term
ziggurat
Definition
a pyramid-like building made of several stories that indent as the building gets taller; thus, ziggurats have terraces at each level
Term
acropolis
Definition
literally,a "high city," a Greek temple complex built on a hill over a city
Term
amphora
Definition
a two-handled Greek storage jar
Term
architrave
Definition
a plain, unornamented lintel on the entablature
Term
caryatid
Definition
(male: atlantid): a building column that is shaped like a female figure
Term
cella
Definition
the main room of a Greek temple where the god is housed
Term
contrapposto
Definition
a gracefull arrangement of the body based on tilted shoulders and hips and bent knees
Term
cornice
Definition
a projected ledge over a wall
Term
entablature
Definition
the upper story of a Greek temple
Term
frieze
Definition
a horizontal band of sculpture
Term
kiln
Definition
an oven used for making pottery
Term
kouros
Definition
(female: kore): an archaic Greek sculpture of a standing youth
Term
krater
Definition
a large Greek bowl used for mixing water and wine
Term
kylix
Definition
a Greek drinking cup
Term
metope
Definition
a small relief sculpture on the facade of a Greek temple
Term
mosaic
Definition
a decoration using pieces of stone, marble, or colored glass, called tesserae, that are cemented to a wall or a floor
Term
pediment
Definition
the triangular top of a temple that contains sculpture
Term
propylaeum
Definition
(plural: propylaea): a gateway leading to a Greek temple
Term
relief sculpture
Definition
sculpture that projects from a flat background. A very shallow relief sculpture is called a bas-relief
Term
shaft
Definition
the body of a column
Term
tholos
Definition
an ancient Greek circular shrine
Term
trigylph
Definition
a projecteing grooved element alternating with a metope on a Greek temple
Term
aqueduct
Definition
an overground water system
Term
atrium
Definition
(plural: atria) a courtyard in a Roman house or before a Christian church
Term
basilica
Definition
in Roman architecture, a large axially planned building with a nave, side aisles, and apses
Term
bust
Definition
a sculpture depicting a head, neck, and upper chest of a figure
Term
coffer
Definition
in architecture, a sunken panel in a ceiling
Term
cubiculum
Definition
(plural: cubicula) a Roman bedroom flanking an atrium; in Early Christian art, a mortuary chapel in a catacomb
Term
cubiculum
Definition
(plural: cubicula) a Roman bedroom flanking an atrium; in Early Christian art, a mortuary chapel in a catacomb
Term
cupola
Definition
a small dome rising over the roof of a building; in architecture, a cupola is achieved by rotating an arch on its axis
Term
encaustic
Definition
an ancient method of painting that uses colored waxes burned into a wooden surface
Term
foreshortening
Definition
a visual effect in which an object is shortened and turned deeper into the picture plane to give the effect of receding in space
Term
forum
Definition
(plural: fora) a public square or market place in a Roman city
Term
foreshortening
Definition
a visual effect in which an object is shortened and turned deeper into the picture plane to give the effect of receding in space
Term
forum
Definition
(plural: fora) a public square or market place in a Roman city
Term
fresco
Definition
a painting technique that involved applying water-based paint onto a freshly plastered wall. The paint forms a bond with the plaster that is durable and longlasting
Term
impluvium
Definition
a rectangular basin in a Roman house that is placed in the open-air atrium in order to collct rainwater
Term
keystone
Definition
the center stone of an arch that holds the others in place
Term
oculus
Definition
a circular window in a church, or a round opening at the top of a dome
Term
perspective
Definition
depth and recession in a painting. Objects shown in linear perspective achieve a three-dimensionality in the two-dimensional world of the picture plane. All lines, called orthogonals, draw the viewer back in space to a common point, called the vanishing point. Paintings, however, may have more than one vanishing point, with orthogonals leading the eye to several parts of the work. Landscapes that give the illusions of distance are in atmospheric or aerial perspective
Term
pier
Definition
a vertical support that holds up an arch or a vault
Term
spandrel
Definition
a triangular space enclosed by the curves of arches
Term
vault
Definition
a roof constructed with arches. When an arch is extended in space, forming a tunnel, it is called a barrel vault. When two barrel vaults intersect at right angles, it is called a groin vault.
Term
veristic
Definition
sculptures from the Roman Republic characterized by extreme realism of facial features
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