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- Physical substances (particles)that occupy space and possess rest mass; that makes up all obversable objects
- it exists in four states: solid, liquid, gas, plasma
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- the ability to do work, or the ability to move or elicit change in matter
- can be seen in different forms: kinetic, potential, radiant, electromagnetical
- is measured in SI units joules
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Definition
- Solid has definite shape and volume; its particles or atoms are tightly packed or bound together in geometric lattice
- characterized by structural rigidity and resistant to changes of shape or volume
- chrystalline solids: metals and ice; amorphous solid: window glass
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- takes no definitive shape but volume; the particles cluster or bound together with room to move around
- made up of tiny vibrating particles as atoms and molecules held together by intermolecular bonds
- has ability to flow called fluid; has density close to solid termed condensed matter
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Definition
- it has no definitive shape of volume; particles in gas move around freely
- made up of individual atoms eg. noble or atomic gas Neon, emental molecules made up of one type of atom eg. Oxygen, or compound molecules CO2
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- solid to liquid state
- when you take ice -5C and heat it on your stove, the temperature of the ice rises as heat cause ice particles to vibrate faster and faster
- they eventually break free of crystal lattice and come apart form liquid
- the temperature which substance melts occurs is the MP; 32F or 0*C
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Definition
- In the ice the molecules are strongly bonded to one another, thus forming a rigid solid.
- When heat is added to the ice these bonds are broken and the ice melts. The molecules afterward bond to one another with less strength and a different geometry, and water is formed.
- Now, before the melting, the molecules were actually moving when in the solid state.
- They were vibrating back and forth. They had an average kinetic energy.
- So they had a Kelvin temperature proportional to this average kinetic energy.
- After the melting the water molecules are still vibrating. And they have the same average kinetic energy as they had before the melting.
- So, the water is at the same temperature at the moment after the melting that the ice was at the moment before the melting.
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