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| name for the group of sciences that deal with Earth and it's neighbors in space |
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| Study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate |
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| The study of the universe |
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| Life sustaining, thin gaseous layer envelope |
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| between the atmosphere and the ocean |
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| heavy, dense inner sphere of Earth |
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| less dense than core, inner crust |
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| outer layer of the lithosphere |
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| Says the systems formed out of a cloud called the solar nebular |
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| Distance north and South of the Equator |
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| Distance east and west of the equator |
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| Shows the changes in elevation |
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| Shows the differences in elevation |
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| a size or group of interacting parts that help to form a complex whole |
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| Plates underneath crust that move using convection currents |
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| The line that measures 0 degrees horizontally across the Earth |
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| Line that measures 0 degrees vertically across the Earth |
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| a resource that can be replenished faster than a nonrenewable resource |
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| A resource that is used faster than it can be replenished |
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| Can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means |
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| The number of protons and electrons in an atom |
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| Where electrons are located |
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| Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of electrons |
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| when two or more atoms are chemically combined |
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| Happens when an atom's outer most energy level does not meet the maximum number of electrons needed |
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| an atom with an electric charge |
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| When atoms share electrons |
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| When electons are shared by metal ions |
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| the smallest particle of matter that contains the characteristics of an element |
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| Minerals that contain carbon, oxygen, and one or more metallic elements |
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| minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements, which are usually metals |
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| naturally occurring inorganic solids |
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| most common groups of minerals on earth |
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| Silicon- Oxygen Tetrahedron |
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| silicon and oxygen combined |
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| The color of a mineral in it's powder form |
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| describes how light is reflected from mineral's surface |
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| A mineral in it's crystal form |
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| a mineral's resistance to scratching |
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| measures a minerals hardness from weakest to hardest |
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| The tendency of a mineral to cleave, or break along flat even surfaces. |
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| minerals that do not show cleavage |
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| it has a formula im too lazy to write down |
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| minerals that contain one element as type of atom |
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| naturally occuring mineral or mineral like substance in our planet |
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| the continuous processes that cause rocks to change |
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| molten material that form deep beneath the Earth's surface |
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| Form from magma cooling down |
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| magma that reaches the Earth's surface |
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| a process in which rocks are physically or chemically broken down |
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| the weathered pieces of Earth's materials |
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| what sediment creates after being in extreme pressure and temperature. |
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| sediment that is compacted and cemented |
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| rocks that form when magma hardes underneath the Earth's surface |
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| rocks that form when lava hardens |
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| describes the appearance of an igneous rock based on its size, shape, and arrangement |
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| what something is made of |
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| rocks with different sized minerals because of different cooling rates |
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| igneous rock where light colored silicate minerals, quartz, and feldspar are the main materials |
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| Rocks that contain many dark silicate minerals and Plagioclase feldspar |
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| Rocks that contain many dark silicate minerals and Plagioclase feldspar |
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| rocks with a composition between granite and basaltic rocks |
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| A rock that is composed of dark silicate minerals |
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| involves weathering and removal of rock |
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| the process that squeeze sediments together |
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| when tiny sediments are wedged in between tiny spaces among the sediments |
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| rocks made of weathered bits of rocks and minerals |
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| when rocks undergo contact metamorphics they become more compact and minerals will recrystalize |
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| Chemical Sedimentary Rock |
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| when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions |
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| a metamorphic rock that does not have a banded appearance |
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| hot water solution carrying dissolved minerals |
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| something that contains a mineral that you can smelt something out |
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| using the earth's interior to heat water and use it to run turbines |
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| a nuclear powerplant that melted down and had a big exposion |
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| sections of rock that are wedged loose may tumble into large piles |
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