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Vocabulary Art History 1301
Greek and Aegean civilization
67
Art History
Undergraduate 1
04/19/2009

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Term
Cyclades
Definition
a Greek island group in the Aegean Sea, south-east of the mainland of Greece
Term
Minoan
Definition
Coined by Evans after the mythic "king" Minos. Minos was associated in Greek myth with the labyrinth, which Evans identified as the site at Knossos.
Term
Troy
Definition
A legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer.
Term
tel
Definition
A city mound. When a city begins to fall down, its residents knock down the walls and build on top of the rubble. Over time the level on which the city is built rises on this mound or tel.
Term
Heinrich Schliemann
Definition
a German archaeologist, an advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer, and an important excavator of Troy and of the Mycenaean sites Mycenae and Tiryns, lending material weight to Homer's Iliad as reflecting historical events.
Term
Arthur Evans
Definition
a British archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete
Term
King Minos
Definition
A mythical king of Crete whose palace was at Knossos
Term
Hissarlik
Definition
the location of Troy, famous city of Greek legend, on the northwestern corner of Asia Minor, in present-day Turkey
Term
Gorgon
Definition
A monstrous feminine creature whose appearance would turn anyone who laid eyes upon it to stone.
Term
Light well
Definition
An open space in the roof that allowed light deep into the palace.
Term
Bull vaulting
Definition
Fertility ritual in which Minoans would jump or vault over a bull.
Term
Megaron
Definition
Throne room; a large hall with a central hearth and a throne.
Term
Dressed stone
Definition
A stone masonry unit, which has been squared and shaped for precise fit with other stones.
Term
Tholos
Definition
a circular building with a conical or vaulted roof and with or without a peristyle, or surrounding colonnade
Term
Thera
Definition
part of a group of islands known as the Cyclades in the Mediterranean modern day Santorini
Term
Aktorini
Definition
Minoan ancient Theran town
Term
Mycenae
Definition
is an archaeological site in Greece, located about 90 km south-west of Athens,
Term
Citadel
Definition
A fortress for protecting a town, sometimes incorporating a castle.
Term
Cyclopean
Definition
a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with huge limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar.
Term
Kamares
Definition
Style of painted pottery with freeform designs associated with the palace culture that flourished on Crete during the Middle Minoan period from the island of Thera.
Term
Repousse
Definition
A technique of metalworking where a design is shaped out of a malleable metal such as gold by hammering on the reverse side of it.
Term
Labyrinth
Definition
maze
Term
Acropolis
Definition
high city; city on the edge
Term
Kore
Definition
Free standing female figures, clothed.
Term
foreshortening
Definition
A technique for creating the appearance that the object of a drawing is extending into space by shortening the lines with which that object is drawn
Term
20th C Fortuny
Definition
Spanish fashion designer famous for creating fine silk pleated fabric.
Term
Red figure
Definition
figural depictions in red color on a black background
Term
Black figure
Definition
black figures on a red background
Term
St. Mark’s in Venice
Definition
a cathedral that is home to the 4 bronze Greek horses,
Term
Frieze
Definition
The wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain or—in the Ionic or Corinthian order—decorated with bas-reliefs.
Term
Pinokotheke
Definition
Greek, “picture gallery”; a room or building for the exhibition of paintings on wooden panels.
Term
Triglyphs
Definition
an ornament in a Doric frieze, consisting of a projecting block having three parallel vertical channels on its face
Term
Metope
Definition
A square panel between triglyphs on a Doric frieze, often decorated with a relief.
Term
pediment
Definition
a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure (entablature),
Term
architrave
Definition
Horizontal beam resting on the columns of the entablature.
Term
propylaia
Definition
Monumental gateway that serves as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens.
Term
caryatid
Definition
a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head
Term
atlanatid
Definition
a sculpted male figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on his head
Term
Erechtheion
Definition
An ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece.
Term
Phidias
Definition
an Athenian sculptor, the son of Charmides, and is generally acknowledged as the greatest ancient Greek sculptor and instigator of the classical style of the 5th and 4th centuries BC
Term
Myron
Definition
an Athenian sculptor from the mid-fifth century BC
Term
Polycleitus
Definition
Was a Greek sculptor in bronze of the fifth and the early fourth century BC.
Term
Praxiteles
Definition
Most renowned of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue.
Term
canon of proportion
Definition
The use of scale and mathematical proportions in order to create the perfectly proportioned figure
Term
pathos
Definition
Death with dignity
Term
Contrapposto stance
Definition
an Italian term meaning "counterpoise" used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.
Term
S. Curve
Definition
a traditional art concept in Ancient Greek sculpture and Roman sculpture where the figure's body and posture is depicted like a sinuous or serpentine "S"
Term
patina
Definition
A film on the surface of bronze or similar metals (produced by oxidation over a long period); a sheen on wooden furniture produced by age, wear, and polishing; or any such acquired change of a surface through age and exposure.
Term
phililogic
Definition
the science of the structure and development of languages [Greek philologia love of language]
Term
Marine style
Definition
An innovation in the embellishment of Cretan pottery, developed around 1500 BCE and characterized by the depiction of octopuses and other sea creatures.
Term
Cromination
Definition
The act of accusing; accusation; charge; complaint.
Term
Linear A
Definition
one of two linear scripts used in ancient Crete discovered by Arthur Evans.
Term
Linear B
Definition
A script that was used for writing Mycenaean, an early form of Greek discovered by Arthur Evans.
Term
PanAthenaic procession
Definition
Part of a festival in honor of Athena known as the Panathenaea that was held every year in ancient Athens. The procession was held on the last day of the festival, and involved the ritual bringing of a new peplos, or cloak, to the ceremonial statue of Athena. Every fourth year, during the Grand Panathenaea, a giant peplos was presented to Athena inside the Parthenon. Every other year, the procession culminated with the presentation of a peplos to the Athena statue inside the Erechtheum.
Term
oinochie
Definition
[image]
Term
lekythos
Definition
[image]
Term
kylix
Definition
[image]
Term
krater
Definition
[image]
Term
hydria
Definition
[image]
Term
amphora
Definition
[image]
Term
Hellenistic
325 - 31 BCE
Definition
over the top flawless and impossibly symmetrical sculptures were created in this period.
Term
Classical
480- 325 BCE
Definition
heroicly proportioned statues were created in this "golden age" and were intended to compare themselves to gods.
Term
Archaic
620-480 BCE
Definition
beginnings of realistic depictions of humans and (no coincidence) monumental stone sculptures. Period of kore/korous statues
Term
Orientalization
700-625 BCE
Definition
In this period, elements from other civilizations began to creep into Greek art. The elements were those of the Near East.
Term
Geometric
900-700 BCE
Definition
• Pottery decoration moved beyond simple shapes to also include animals and humans. Everything, however, was rendered with the use of simple shapes
Term
kouros
Definition
Free standing figures depicting male youths usually naked.
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