Term
|
Definition
| the smallest particle of an element that retains it identity in a chemical reaction (you can have one atom of an element) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small parts within the atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negatively charged subatomic particle located outside of the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positively charged subatomic particle located inside the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tiny central core of an atom; composed of protons and neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of protons in the nucleus of a given element; also the number of electrons in a neutral element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
ex: P+N=mass #-P; N=mass#-P; P=mass#-N |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined as one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weighted average mass of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of a given element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an element with an unstable nucleus; has either: 1. too many neutrons or 2. too many protons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a radioactive nucleus releases an alpha particle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a radioactive nucleus releases an electron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a radioactive nucleus releases a gamma ray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fixed energies an electron can have |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| numbered 1,2,3, etc.; for every PEN there is at least one sublevel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mini levels located inside the principal energy level: represented by; "s", "p", "d", and "f" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first |
|
|
Term
| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
|
Definition
| maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2 and they must be paired with opposite spins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state that all orbitals in a PEN must be full with electrons of the same spin before being paired up |
|
|
