Term
| List the steps of the scientific method |
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Definition
1. Obtain a testable theory
2. Device a hypothesis
3. Conduct research and observe |
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Term
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Definition
| An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them |
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Term
| define false consensus effect |
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Definition
| tendency to overestimate others agreement with us |
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Term
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Definition
| all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study. (Note: Except for national studies, this does not refer to a contry’s whole populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion |
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Term
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Definition
Most surveys sample a target group.
Before believing survey findings, think critically: Consider the sample. You cannot compensate for an unrepresentative sample by simply adding more people
The best basis for generalizing is from a representative sample of cases |
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Term
| Naturalistic observation – |
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Definition
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
• Like the case study and survey methods, naturalistic observation does not explain behavior, it describes it.
• Naturalistic observations are also done with humans |
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Term
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Definition
| a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another |
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Term
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Definition
| research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period. |
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Term
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Definition
Psychologists use numbers to describe the strength of a relationship expressed as a correlation. But they caution against illusory correlations and incorrectly inferring cause and effect.
• Describing behavior is a first step toward predicting it. When surveys and naturalistic observations reveal that one trait or behavior accompanies another, we say the two correlate |
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Term
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Definition
a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. (ex: knowing how much aptitude test scores correlate with school success tells us how well the scores predict school success)
NOTE:
• Although the correlation coefficient tells us nothing about cause and effect, it can help us see the world more clearly by revealing the actual extend to which two things relate.
NOTES:
• correlations can range from +1.00 (scores on one measure increase in direct proportion to scores o another) to -1.00 (scores on one measure decrease precisely as scores rise on the other).
• Decreasing Correlation example: As toothbrushing goes up from zero, tooth decay goes down.
• Increasing Correlation example: One set of scores increases in direct proportion to the other set of scores’ increase
• Can help us see what the naked eye sometimes misses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation) (also called a scattergram or scatter diagram) |
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Term
| Correlation and Cuasation note : |
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Definition
| • Among the most irresistible thinking errors made both by laypeople and by professional psychologists is assuming that correlation proves causation.. no matter how strong the relationship, it does not! |
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Term
| Correlation and Cuasation note : |
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Definition
| • Among the most irresistible thinking errors made both by laypeople and by professional psychologists is assuming that correlation proves causation.. no matter how strong the relationship, it does not! |
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Term
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Definition
| • Correlation indicates the possibility of a cause-effect relationship, but it does not prove causation. Knowing that two events are correlated need not tell us anything about causation. |
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Term
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Definition
The perception of a relationship where none exists. (when we believe there is a relationship between two things, we are likely to notice and recall instances that confirm our belief)
NOTES
• Illusory correlations help explain many a superstitious belief (more babies are born when the moon is full or that infertile couples who adopt become more likely to conceive) it’s only because those who conceive after they adopt are the ones that caught our attention, we’re less likely to notice those who adopt and never conceive, or those who conceive without adopting.
• Illusory correlations occur when we over-rely on the top left cell (figure), ignoring equally essential information in the other cells.
• When we notice random coincidences, we may forget that they are random and instead see them as correlated, thus, we can easily deceive ourselves by seeing what is not there. |
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Term
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Definition
| controls the glands and the muscles of our internal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system. |
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Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that raouses the body, mobilizing it’s energy in stressful situations |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving it’s energy |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response |
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Term
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Definition
| • The body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called neurons. To fathom our thoughts and actions, memories and moods, we must first understand how neurons work and communicate. |
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Term
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Definition
| interconnected neural cells. With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. Computer simulations of neural networks show analogous learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
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Term
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Definition
| a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrically charged atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| • The neuron is a miniature decision-making device that performs some complex calculations |
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Term
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Definition
| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse. |
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Term
| Types of Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
Acetylcholine – enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Dopamine – influences movement, learning, attention and emotion
Serotonin – affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
Norepinephrine – helps control alertness and arousal
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutamate – a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in whicch excel neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| “morphine within” – natural, opiatelike neurotrsnmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure |
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Term
| Overview of Neural Communication |
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Definition
| The body’s circuitry, the nervous system, consists of billions of individual cells called neurons. A neuron received signals from other neurons through it’s branching dendrites and cell body, combines these signals in the cell body, and transmits an electrical impulse (the action potential) down its axon. When these signals reach the end of the axon, they stimulate the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These molecules pass on their excitatory or inhibitory messages as they traverse the synaptic gap between neurons and combine the receptor sites on neighboring neurons. Researchers are studying neurotransmitters to discern their role in behavior and emotion. Some drugs (agonists) excite by mimicking particular neurotransmitters or blocking their reuptake; others (antagonists) inhibit by blocking neurotransmitters. |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue destruction, a brain lesion is naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue. |
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Term
| Electroencephalogram(EEG) |
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Definition
| an amplified recoring of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. |
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Term
| CT (Computer tomography) scan – |
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Definition
| a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body. Also called CAT scan |
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Term
| PET (positron emission tomography) scan – |
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Definition
| a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs the given task. |
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Term
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – |
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Definition
| a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions |
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Term
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Definition
| the base fo the brainstem; controls the heartbeat and breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| a (finger shaped) nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla (hearing, tasting, seeing touching) |
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Term
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Definition
| the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance (it’s most obvious function is coordinating voluntary movement) |
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Term
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Definition
| a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdale, and hypothalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion. (we must be careful not to think of the amygdale as the control center for aggression and fear.) |
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Term
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Definition
| a neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is liked to emotion. (both monitors blook chemistry and takes orders from the other parts of the brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate controls and information-processing center |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| • *Each brain hemisphere is divided into for regions, or lobes |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movement and in making plans and judgments. |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; includes the sensory cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information form the opposite visual field. |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which received auditory information primarily from the opposite ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. |
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Term
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Definition
| impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking)or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding) |
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Term
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Definition
| controls language expression – an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech |
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Term
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Definition
| controls language reception – a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| • The brain operates by dividing it’s mental functions – speaking, perceiving, thinking, remember – into subfunctions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain’s capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development |
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Term
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Definition
• New evidence suggest that, contrary to long-held belief, adult mice and humans can generate new brain cells
• Our brains are most plastic when we are young children
• Accidents, strokes, and tumors in the left hemisphere generally impair reading, writing, speaking, arithmetic reasoning and understanding. |
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Term
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Definition
| the large band of neural fibers connecting the two main brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them |
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Term
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Definition
• The conscious left hemisphere is an “interpreter” that instantly constructs theories to explain our behavior
• The right hemisphere surpasses recognizing faces, perceiving differences, perceiving emotion, and expressing emotion through the more expressive left side of the face.
• Tests confirm “hemispheric specialization”. For example, most people recognize a picture faster and more accurately when it is flashed to the right hemisphere. But they recognize a word faster and more accurately when it is flashed to the left hemisphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| the body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| the endocrine system’s most influential gland Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
• *everything psychological is simultaneously biological
• Some hormones are chemically identical to neurotransmitters (those chemical messenger that diffuse across a synapse and excite or inhibit an adjacent neuron)
• The endocrine system’s hormones influence many aspects of our lives – growth, reproduction, metabolism, mood – working to keep everything in balance while we respond to stress exertion and our own thoughts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our genes are in turn defined by a four-letter alpabet of life, composed of biochemical letters |
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Term
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Definition
| • Human genome researchers have discovered the common sequence of the 3.1 billion letters within human DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in its chromosomes. The human genome has 3 billion weakly bonded pairs of nucleotides organized as coiled chains of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. (a DNA molecule has two strands – forming a “double helix” – held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides.) |
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Term
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Definition
| the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
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Term
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Definition
• human traits are influenced by gene complexes- many genes acting in concert
• of our relatively few genetic differences, only 6 percent are differences among races. Only 8 percent are differences among groups within a race. The rest-over 85 percent-are individual variations within local groups |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
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Term
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Definition
| a random error in gene replication that leads to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity |
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Term
| evolutionary psychology – |
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Definition
| the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. Natural selection has favored genes that designed both behavioral tendencies and information-processing systems that solved adaptive problems faced by our ancestors, thus contributing to the survival and spread of their genes |
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Term
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Definition
| in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female |
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Term
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Definition
• our natural yearnings are our genes way of reproducing themselves
• evolutionary psychology say that men drawn to healthy, fertile-appearing women – women with smooth skin and a youthful shape suggesting may childbearing years to come – have stood a better chance of sending their genes into the future
• men feel most attracted to women whose waists are roughly a third narrower than their hips – a sign of future fertility.
• Women also feel attracted to healthy looking men, but especially to those who seem mature, dominant, bold and affluent, connote a capacity to support and protect
• Nature selects behaviors that increase the likelihood of sending one’s genes into the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of variation among individual that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending ont the range of populations and environments studied |
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Term
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Definition
| a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
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Term
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Definition
• Heritability refers instead to the extendt to which differences among people are attributable to genes.
• Heritability can vary from study to study
• As environments become more similar, heredity as a source of differences necessarily becomes more important |
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Term
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Definition
| the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes |
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Term
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Definition
• Our shared biology enables our developed diversity
• Genes and environment – nature and nurture – work together like two hands clapping, with the environment reacting to and shaping what nature predisposes
• Forget “nature versus nurture” think “nurture via nature” |
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Term
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Definition
| • “Men resemble the times more than they resemble their fathers.” |
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Term
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Definition
| the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| self-replicating ideas, fashion, and innovations passed from person to person |
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Term
| Social Phsicology Notes #2 |
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Definition
| Parents in every culture facilitate their children’s discovery of their world, but cultures differ in what they deem important. Asian cultures place more emphasis on school and hard work than does North American culture. This may help explain why Japanese and Taiwanese children get higher scores on mathematics and achievement tests. |
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Term
| Environmental Influence – |
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Definition
| Genetic influences are pervasive, but so are prenatal environments, early experiences, peer influences, and cultures. Sculpted by experience, neural interconnections multiply rapidly after birth. Human variations across cultures and over time show how differing norms, or expectations, guide behavior. Cultures differ in their norms for personal space, expressiveness, and pace of life |
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Term
| Social Physiology Notes # 3 |
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Definition
| • Quote – “when someone has discovered why men in Bond Street wear black hats he will at the same moment have discovered why men in Timbuktu wear read feathers” |
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Term
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Definition
| the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child |
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Term
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Definition
| the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X sex chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child |
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Term
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Definition
| the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of expected behaviors for males and females |
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Term
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Definition
| one’s sense of being male or female |
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Term
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Definition
| the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role. |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly. |
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Term
| Developmental Psychology Notes |
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Definition
| Developmental Psychology“Nature is all that a man brings with him into this world; nature is every influence that affects him after his birth” |
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Term
| developmental psychology – |
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Definition
| a branch of psychology that studies, physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span |
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Term
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Definition
| the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month |
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Term
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Definition
| the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
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Term
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Definition
| agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
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Term
| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) – |
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Definition
| physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial miproportions. |
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Term
| List 3 Prenatal Development Stages |
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Definition
• zygote – conception to 2 weeks
• embryo – 2 weeks through 8 weeks
• fetus – 9 week to birth |
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Term
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Definition
| a baby’s tendaency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouch and search for a nipple |
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Term
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Definition
| biological growth process that enable orderly changes in ehavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience |
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Term
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Definition
| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
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Term
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Definition
| interpreting one’s new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas |
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Term
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Definition
| adapting one’s current understandings (schema) to incorporate new information |
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Term
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Definition
| all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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Term
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Definition
| in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived |
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Term
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Definition
| in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the metnal operations of concrete logic |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects |
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Term
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Definition
| in Piaget’s theory, the inability of the preoperational child to take another’s point of view |
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Term
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Definition
| people’s ideas about their own and others mental states – about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder that papears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other states of mind |
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Term
| concrete operation stage – |
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Definition
| in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11) during which children gain the mental operations that nable them to think logically about concrete events |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normal beginning around 22) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
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Term
| concrete operation stage – |
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Definition
| in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11) during which children gain the mental operations that nable them to think logically about concrete events |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear of strangers that infants commonly dislplay, beginning by about 8 months of age |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation |
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Term
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Definition
| an optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development |
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Term
| imprinting – imprinting – |
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Definition
| the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predicatble and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caretakers |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of their own identy and personal worth |
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Term
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Definition
| • the number one social achievement of infancy is attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence |
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Term
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Definition
| the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing |
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Term
| primary sex characteristics – |
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Definition
| the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genetalia) that make sexual reproduction possible |
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Term
| secondary sex characteristics – |
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Definition
| nonreproductive sexual characteristics such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair |
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Term
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Definition
| the first menstrual period |
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Term
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Definition
Preconventianal morality
Conventional morality
Postconventional morality |
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Term
| Preconventianal morality – |
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Definition
| before age 9, most children have preconventianal morality of self-interest: they obey either to avoid punishment or to gain rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| cares for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are laws and rules, and gain social approval |
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Term
| Postconvential morality – |
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Definition
| affirms people’s agreed-upon rights “People Have the right to lie” or follow what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles (“If you steal the drug, you won’t have lived up to your own Ideas” |
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Term
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Definition
| one’s sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles |
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Term
| LIST Ereksons stages of Psychosocial Development |
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Definition
• Infancy
• Toddlerhood
• Preschooler
• Elementary School
• Adolescence
• Young Adulthood
• Middle Adulthood
• Late Adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| In Erikson’s theory, the abilitity to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a women experiences as her ability to reproduce declines |
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Term
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Definition
| a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning |
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Term
| cross-sectional study – cross-sectional study – |
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Definition
| a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another |
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Term
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Definition
| research in which the same peropel are restudied and retested over a long period |
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Term
| crystallized intelligence – |
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Definition
| one’s accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid intelligence – one’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly ; tends to decrease during late adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement |
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| List the two types of influences |
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| the process by which our sensory receptor and nervous system receive and represent stimuli energies from our environment |
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| The process of organzign and interpreting sensoryinformation, enableng us to recognize meanigful objects and events |
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| Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge with distance. The more the ines converge, the greater the perceieved distance. Liear perspectve can contribute to railcrossing accidents, by leading people to overestimate a trains distance |
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(Light and Shadow) Nearby objects refelct more light to our eyes. thus, giving two identical objects, the dimmer one seems farther away/
This illusion can lso contribute to accidents, as when a fog-shrouded vehicle, or one with only it's parking lights on, seems farther away than it is. Shading too, produces a sense of depth consisten with assummed light source. Our brains assume a simple rule: that light comes from above |
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| We perceive an object as having a constant lightness even while it's illumination varies. Perceived lightness dpeends on relative luminance - the amount of light on object reflects relative to it's surrounding. |
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| if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer. |
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| Our experiences, assumpitoins, and expectations may give us a perceptual set, or mental predisposition, that greatly influences what we perceive. We perceive what we expect see (or feel) |
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A giveen stimulus may trigger radically diffferent perceptions, party because of our idfferent schemas, but also because of the immediate context.
EX : coming late to a converstaoin you hear "eels are on the wagon" our brain fills in the blanks and thinks wheels. Also, in a lecture you filli n words by their contexts. Ex: attacks or a tax |
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| What's the difference between agonists and atagonists when it comes to drugs? |
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Agonist mimicks the neurotransmitter
Antagoinists blocks it |
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