Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Vocab
Exercise Phys
74
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
10/07/2010

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1 repetition maximum
Definition
the maximal amount of weight that can be lifted just one time
Term
aerobic power
Definition
another name for the maximal oxygen uptake or VO2max
Term
anaerobic power
Definition
mean or peak power output in exercise lasting 30 seconds or less
Term
continuous training
Definition
training at a moderate to high intensity without stopping to rest
Term
eccentric training
Definition
training that involves eccentric action
Term
fartlek training
Definition
developed in the 1930's; the term comes from the Swedish for "speed play". this type of training combines continuous and interval training and stresses both the aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways
Term
free weights
Definition
traditional resistance training modality that uses only barbells, dumbbells, and so on to provide resistance
Term
interval-circuit training
Definition
Term
interval training
Definition
repeated, brief, fast-paced exercise bouts with short rest intervals between bouts
Term
isokinetic training
Definition
resistance training in which the rate of movement is kept constant through the range of motion
Term
isometric training
Definition
resistance training involving static action
Term
LSD training
Definition
endurance training involving long, slow distance
Term
muscular endurance
Definition
the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue
Term
needs analysis
Definition
an assessment of factors that determine the specific training program appropriate for an individual
Term
plyometrics
Definition
a type of dynamic-action resistance training based on the theory that use of the stretch reflex during jumping will recruit additional motor units
Term
power
Definition
the rate of performing work; the product of force and velocity. the rate of transformation of metabolic potential energy to work or heat
Term
static-contraction resistance training
Definition
resistance training that emphasizes static muscle action. also known as isometric resistance training
Term
strength
Definition
the ability of a muscle to exert force-generally the maximal ability
Term
stretch-shortening cycle exercise
Definition
Term
variable-resistance training
Definition
a technique that allows variation in the resistance applied throughout the range of motion in an attempt to match the ability of the muscle or muscle groups to apply force at any specific point in the range of motion
Term
acute muscle soreness
Definition
soreness or pain felt during and immediatly after an exercise bout
Term
atrophy
Definition
loss of size, or mass, of body tissue, such as muscle atrophy with disuse
Term
DOMS
Definition
muscle soreness that developes 1-2 days after a heavy bout of exercise and that is associated with actual injury within the muscle
Term
fiber hyperplasia
Definition
an increase in the number of muscle fibers
Term
fiber hypertrophy
Definition
an increase in the size of existing individual muscle fibers
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increase in the size or mass of an organ or body tissue
Term
resistance training
Definition
training designed to increase strength, power and muscular endurance
Term
aerobic training
Definition
training that improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy producing systems and can improve cardiorespiratory endurance
Term
anaerobic training
Definition
training that improves the efficiency of the anaerobic energy-producing systems and can increase muscular strength and tolerance for acid-base imbalances during high-intensity effort
Term
athlete's heart
Definition
a nonpathological enlarged heart, often found in endurance athletes, that results primarily from left ventricular hypertrophy in response to training
Term
cardiac hypertrophy
Definition
enlargement of the heart by increases in muscle wall thickness or chamber size or both
Term
cardiorespiratory endurance
Definition
the ability of the body to sustain prolonged exercise
Term
cross-training
Definition
training for more than one sport at the same time or training mutiple fitness components - strength, endurace, and flexability - within the same period
Term
fick equation
Definition
VO2=Q X (a-v)O2 difference
Term
glycogen sparing
Definition
increased reliance on fats for energy production during endurace activity, rather than stores of glycogen
Term
high responders
Definition
those individuals within a population that show clear or exaggerated responses or adaptations to a stimulus
Term
low responders
Definition
those individuals within a population that show little or no response or adaptation to a stimulus
Term
acclimation, or heat acclimation
Definition
physiological adaptation to repeated environmental stresses, occurring over a relatively brief period of time (days to weeks). often occurs in a lab environment
Term
muscular endurance
Definition
the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue
Term
myoglobin
Definition
a compound similar to hemoglobin, but found in muscle tissue, that carries O2 from the cell membrane to the mitchondria
Term
oxygen transport system
Definition
the components of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems involved in transporting O2
Term
specificity of training
Definition
the principle that physiological adaptations in response to physical training are highly specific to the nature of the training activity. to maximize benefits, trainning should be carefully matched to an athlete's specific performance needs
Term
VO2max
Definition
maximal oxygen uptake. the maximal capacity for oxygen consumption by the body during maximal exertion. it is also known as aerobic power, maximal oxygen uptake, maximal oxygen consumption, and cardiorespiratory endurance capacity
Term
acclimatization
Definition
physiological adaptation to repeated environmental stress in a natural environment, occuring over months and years of living and exercising in that environment
Term
aldosterone
Definition
a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that prevents dehydration by promoting renal absorption of sodium
Term
conduction
Definition
1. transfer of heat through direct molecular contact with a solid object.2. movement of an electrical implusle, such as through a neuron
Term
convection
Definition
the trasfer of heat or cold via the movement of a gas or liquid across an object, such as the body
Term
eccrine sweat glands
Definition
simple sweat glands dispersed over the body surface that respond to increases in core or skin temp (or both) and facilitate thermoregulation
Term
evaporation
Definition
heat loss through the conversion of water (such as sweat) to vapor
Term
frostbite
Definition
tissue damage that occurs during cold exposure because circulation to the skin decreases, in an attempt to retain body heat, to the point that the tissue receives insufficient oxygen and nutrients
Term
habituation
Definition
short-term adaptation to a stress
Term
heat cramps
Definition
cramping of the skeletal muscles as a result of excessive dehydration and the associated salt loss
Term
heatstroke
Definition
the most serious heat disorder, resulting from failure of the body's thermoregulatory mechanisms. heatstroke is characterized by body temp above 40.5 C or 105 F, cessation of sweating, and total confusion or unconsciousness and can lead to death
Term
hypothermia
Definition
low body temp; any temp below the given person's normal temp
Term
insulation
Definition
resistance to dry heat exchange
Term
nonshivering thermogenesis
Definition
the stim of metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system to generate more metabolic heat
Term
peripheral vasoconstriction
Definition
the constriction or narrowing of blood vessels
Term
radiation
Definition
the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
Term
shivering
Definition
a rapid, involuntary cycle of contraction and relazation of skeletal muscles that generates heat
Term
thermal stress
Definition
stress imposed on the body by external temp
Term
thermoreceptors-thermoceptors
Definition
sensory receptors that detect changes in body temp and exernal temp and relay this info to the hypothalamus
Term
thermoregulation
Definition
the process by which the thermoregulatory center located in the hypothalamus readjusts body temp in response to small deviation from the set point
Term
wet-bulb globe temperature
Definition
a measurement of temp that simultaneously account for conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation, providing a single temp reading to estimate the cooling capacity of the surrounding environment. the apparatus for measuring WBGT consists of a dry bulb, web bulb, and black globe
Term
windchill
Definition
a chill factor created by the increase int eh rate of heat loss via convection and conduction caused by wind
Term
acute altitude (mountain) sickness
Definition
illness characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, dyspmea, and insomina. it typically begins 6 to 96 h after one reaches high altitude and lasts several days
Term
barometric pressure
Definition
the total pressure exerted by the atmosphere at a given altitude
Term
erythropoietin
Definition
the hormone that stimulates erythrocyte (red blood cell) production
Term
high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
Definition
a condition of unknown cause on which fluid accumulates in the cranial cavity at altitude; characterized by mental confusion that can progress to coma and death
Term
high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
Definition
a condition of unknown cuase in which fluid accumulates in the lungs at altitude, interfering with ventilation, resulting in shortness of breath and fatigue and characterized by impaired blood oxygenation, mental confusion, and loss of consciousness
Term
hypobaric
Definition
referring to an environment, such as that at high altitude, involving low atmospheric pressure
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
a decreased oxygen content or concentration within the blood
Term
hypoxia
Definition
a decreased avaliability of oxygen to the tissues
Term
partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Definition
the pressure exerted by oxygen in a mixture of gases
Term
polycythemia
Definition
increased red blood cells
Supporting users have an ad free experience!