Term
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Definition
| a homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances |
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Term
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Definition
| suspension, colloidal dispersion |
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Term
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Definition
| process of solution formation |
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Term
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Definition
| process of solution formation when water is the solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| reaction will occur on its own |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of randomness or disorder in a system |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solution |
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Term
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Definition
| contains less than the maximum amount of solute |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the maximum amount of solute |
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Term
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Definition
| contains more than the maximum amount of solute |
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Term
| solute-solute interaction |
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Definition
| substances with similar intermollecular forces form solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| two liquids that do not dissolve |
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Term
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Definition
| two liquids that do form a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| relative amount of solute to amount of solution or solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| properties of solutions that depend only on the amount of solute present |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure exerted by the vapor phase of a volitile liquid that is in equillibrium with the liquid phase |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature where vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of a non-volatile liquid solute increases the boiling point of a liquid |
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Term
| freezing point depression |
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Definition
| presence of a solute decreases the freezing point of a liquid due to entropy |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane in response to a difference in solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| change in amount (reaction or product) over time |
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Term
| instantaneous reaction rates |
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Definition
| rate at a specific time- slope of a line tangent to the concentration/time curve |
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Term
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Definition
| relate concentration and time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amount of time required to reach 1/2 original reactant amount |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to react, reactants must encounter each other |
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Term
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Definition
| energy barrier between reactants and products (E required for a successful collision) |
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Term
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Definition
| short lived intermediate between reactants and products |
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Term
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Definition
| classifying of elementary steps based on the number of reactants in the collision |
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Term
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Definition
| slowest step in reaction mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
| rate limiting step contains an intermediate as a reactant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| catalyst is in same phase as reactants |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyst and reactants are in different phases |
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Term
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Definition
| when a solid catalyst binds with liquid or gas reactants |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adsorbed reactants move to encounter each other |
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Term
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Definition
| product releases from surface |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of H2 to an unsaturated hydrocarbon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| composed of an amine group, acid group and organic group |
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Term
| primary protein structure |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary and tertiary protein structure |
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Definition
| describe 3d shape of protein; maintained by interactions between amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| forward and reverse reaction continue to occur at the same rate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| heterogeneous equilibrium |
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Definition
| reactants and products are in multiple phases |
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Term
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Definition
| when a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the relative concentrations of reactants and products shift to reestablish equilibrium |
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Term
| Arrhenius theory of an acid |
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Definition
| a substance that increases H+ in water |
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Term
| Arrhenius theory of a base |
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Definition
| a substance that increases OH- in water |
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Term
| Bronsted-Lowry theory of an acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronsted-Lowry theory of a base |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| has one more proton that the base from which it formed |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance with one less proton than the acid from which it formed |
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Term
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Definition
| donates all available protons |
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Term
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Definition
| accepts all available protons |
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Term
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Definition
| donates some available protons |
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Term
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Definition
| accepts some available protons |
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Term
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Definition
| can act as an acid or a base |
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Term
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Definition
| can accept and donate protons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| [H+]>10^-7 and [H+]>[OH-] |
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Term
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Definition
| [OH-]>10^-7 and [OH-]>[H+] |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple acidic protons per acid molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| ionic compound- composed of cation and anion |
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Term
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Definition
| anion reacts with H+ of H2O forming a basic solution |
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Term
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Definition
| react with OH- through hydrolysis creating an acidic solution |
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Term
| Lewis Acid-Base Theory Acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Lewis Acid-Base Theory Base |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amount of acid or base the buffer can neutralize before the pH begins to change to an appreciable degree |
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Term
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Definition
| range over which the buffer acts effectively |
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Term
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Definition
| how soluble a solid is in water |
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Term
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Definition
| quantity of substance that dissolves to form a saturated solution |
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Term
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Definition
| whenever a weak electrolyte and a strong electrolyte contain a common ion, the weak electrolyte ionizes less than it would if it were alone in the solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that resists change to pH even upon the addition of an acid or a base |
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Term
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Definition
| substance with a known concentration that reacts with the analyte |
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Term
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Definition
| # mols titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the # mols of analyte |
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Term
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Definition
| dissolution and precipitation both occur at the same rate |
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Term
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Definition
| solubility with H2O as solvent |
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