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| work as coenzymes to enhance enzyme activity. |
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| are necessary for making certain body structures, for normal nerve and muscle function, and for osmotic balance. |
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| excess water is lost and not replenished |
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| the process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use. |
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| long, winding tube which begins at mouth and winds through the body to the anus. |
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| a mixture of water, mucus, and a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase. |
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| an open area that begins at the back of the mouth, serves as a passageway for both air and food. |
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| prevents food from entering the trachea (or windpipe) during swallowing. |
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| Series of rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations. |
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| carries out chemical digestion in the stomach |
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| a lesion of the surface of the skin or a mucous membrane, sometimes occurs in the digestive system. |
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| circular muscle located between the esophagus and the stomach. |
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| circular muscle between the stomach and the small intestine, regulates the flow of chyme. |
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| a saclike organ that stores and concentrates bile. |
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| fingerlike projections from the cells in the lining of the small intestine, increases the surface area of the lining for absorption. |
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| (large intestine) final organ of destination. |
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| process of removing metabolic wastes |
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| outermost portion of the kidney, makes up about a third of the kidney's tissue mass. |
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| the inner 2/3 of the kidney |
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| funnel-shaped structure in the center of the kidney |
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| nitrogenous product made by the liver |
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| chemical compound of nitrogen so toxic that it couldn't remain long in the body without harming other cells. |
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| substances removed from the blood by the kidneys-tocins, urea, water, and mineral salts- form amber colored liquid called: |
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| functional units of the kidney |
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| cup-shaped capsule where an arteriole enters and splits into a fine network of capillaries called glomerulus. |
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| cluster of capillaries that is enclosed in a Bowman's capsule in a nephron of the kidney, where blood is filtered. |
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| consists of three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule. |
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| the process of separating dissolved substances, such as impurities in the blood, by passing them through a porous material. Occurs between the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule in the nephrons of a kidney. |
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| process in kidneys by which materials return to the blood from the nephrons. |
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| process by which the glands of the body release their substances, a substance produced by a gland, the process by which substances pass from the blood into the kidneys. |
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| in the kidney, the long, U-shaped part of a nephron that reabsorbs water and salts from the urine collected by the glomerulus. |
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| one of the 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
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| hollow, muscular organ that stores urine |
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| tube that carries urine frpm urinary bladder to outside of the body |
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