Term
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Definition
| deficiency in the amount or content of speech, a disturbance often seen in people with schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection of abnormalities in the developing fetus; involves removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to experience pleasure, associated with some mood and schizophrenic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social relationships and restricted or unusual behaviors, but without the language delays seen in autism |
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Term
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Definition
| separation among basic functions of human personality (cognition, emotion, perception) seen by some as the defining characteristic of schizophrenia |
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Term
| attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
| developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| pervasive developmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity |
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Term
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Definition
| apathy, or the inability to initiate or persist in important activities |
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Term
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Definition
| psychotic disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior but lasting less than 1 month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of movement involving immobility or excited agitation |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbance of motor behavior in which the person remains motionless, sometimes in an awkward position, for extended periods |
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Term
| childhood disintegrative disorder |
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Definition
| pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2 to 4 year period of normal development |
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Term
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
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Definition
| genetic test conducted during early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta (chorionic villi) and assesses possible genetic or chromosomal problems in the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| physical malfunctioning, such as blindness or paralysis, suggesting neurological impairment but with no organic pathology to account for it |
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Term
| cultural-familial intellectual disability |
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Definition
| mild intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental influences |
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Term
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Definition
| psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality |
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Term
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Definition
| psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality but no other symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Term
| disorder of written expression |
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Definition
| condition in which writing performance is significantly below the standard for that age level |
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Term
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Definition
| style of talking often seen in people with schizophrenia, involving incoherence and a lack of typical logic patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder in which individuals feel detached from themselves or their surroundings and reality, experience, and identity may disintegrate |
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Term
| double blind communication |
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Definition
| according to an obsolete, unsupported theory, the practice of transmitting conflicting messages that was thought to cause schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| type of intellectual disability cause by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance; trisomy 21 |
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Term
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Definition
| hostility, criticism, and overinvolvement demonstrated by some families toward a family member with a psych disorder; can often contribute to the person's relapse |
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Term
| expressive language disorder |
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Definition
| an individual's problems in spoken communication, as measured by significantly low scores on standardized tests of language relative to nonverbal intelligence test scores; symptoms may include a markedly limited vocab or errors in verb tense |
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Term
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Definition
| apparently emotionless demeanor (including toneless speech and vacant gaze) when a reaction would be expected |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the x chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present |
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Term
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Definition
| silly and immature emotionality, a characteristic of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| somataform disorder involving severe anxiety over belief in having a disease present without any evident physical cause |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional displays that are improper for the situation |
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Term
| intellectual disability (ID) |
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Definition
| diagnosis received when one achieves significantly below-average score on an IQ test and has limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life |
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Term
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Definition
| reading, math, or written expression performance substantially below levels expected relative to the person's age, IQ score, and education |
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Term
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Definition
| X-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberate faking of a physical or psychological disorder motivated by gain |
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Term
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Definition
| math performance significantly below the standard for that age level |
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Term
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Definition
| less outgoing symptoms, such as flat affect and poverty of speech, displayed by some people with schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| somatoform disorder featuring true pain but for which psychological factors play an important role in onset, severity, or maintenance |
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Term
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Definition
| people's irrational beliefs that they are especially important or that other people are seeking to do them harm |
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Term
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Definition
| shorthand term for the different personalities or identities in DID |
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Term
| body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) |
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Definition
| somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| C-B intervention to reduce unwanted behaviors by having clients imagine the extremely aversive consequences of the behaviors and establish negative rather than positive associations with them |
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Term
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Definition
| altering of perception that causes people to temporarily lose a sense of their own reality; there is often a feeling of being outside observers of their own behavior |
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Term
| depersonalization disorder |
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Definition
| dissociative disorder in which feelings of depersonalization are so severe they dominate the client's life and prevent normal functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| dissociative disorder featuring the inability to recall personal info, usually of a stressful or traumatic nature |
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Term
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Definition
| dissociative disorder featuring sudden, unexpected travel away from home, along with an inability to recall the past, sometimes with assumption of a new identity |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
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Definition
| formerly known as multiple personality disorder; a disorder in which as many as 100 personalities or fragments of personalities coexist within one body and mind |
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Term
| dissociative trance disorder (DTD) |
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Definition
| altered state of consciousness in which people firmly believe they are possessed by spirits; considered a disorder only where there is distress and dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual gratification attained by exposing genitals to unsuspecting strangers |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring delay or absence of orgasm in some women following a normal sexual excitement phase, relative to their prior experience and current stimulation |
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Term
| female sexual arousal disorder |
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Definition
| recurrent inability in some women to attain or maintain adequate lubrication and sexual excitement swelling responses until completion of sexual activity |
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Term
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Definition
| long term, recurring, intense sexually arousing urges, fantasies, or behavior involving the use of nonliving, unusual objects, which cause distress or impairment in life functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| paraphilia in which the person gains sexual gratification by rubbing against unwilling victims in crowds from which they cannot escape |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological dissatisfaction with biological gender, a disturbance in the sens of identity as a male or female; primary goal is not sexual arousal but rather to live the life of the opposite gender |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenon in which prepubescent children do not identify with their biological sex, but instead identify strongly with the gender of the opposite sex and display varying degrees of behavior more characteristic of the opposite sex |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory of all personal information, including identity |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual activity with members of the opposite gender |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual activity with members of the same gender |
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Term
| hypoactive sexual desire disorder |
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Definition
| apparent lack of interest in sexual activity or fantasy that would not be expected considering the person's age and life situation |
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Term
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Definition
| deviant sexual attraction directed toward a family member; often the attraction of a father toward a daughter who is maturing physically |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to achieve orgasm despite adequate sexual desire and arousal; commonly seen in women but relatively rare in men |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring inability in some men to attain or maintain adequate penile erection until completion of sexual activity |
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Term
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Definition
| learning procedure to help clients strengthen appropriate patterns of sexual arousal by pairing appropriate stimuli with the pleasurable sensations of masturbation |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual disorders and deviations in which sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| paraphilia involving strong sexual attraction toward children |
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Term
| pervasive developmental disorders |
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Definition
| wide-ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18 |
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Term
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Definition
| recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and behavior problems; can be detected by infant screening and prevented by a specialized diet |
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Term
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Definition
| more overt symptoms of schizophrenia (like delusions and hallucinations) |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring ejaculation before the person wishes it, with minimal sexual stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| severe psychological disorder category characterized by hallucinations and loss of contact with reality |
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Term
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Definition
| reading performance significantly below the standard for that age level |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive neurological developmental disorder featuring constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills |
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Term
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Definition
| psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking, perception, speech, emotions, and behavior |
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Term
| schizophreniform disorder |
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Definition
| psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of schizophrenia but lasting less than 6 months |
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Term
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Definition
| according to an obsolete, unsupported theory, a cold, dominating, and rejecting parent who was thought to cause schizophrenia in her offspring |
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Term
| schizotypal personality disorder |
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Definition
| Cluster A personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental disorder characterized by the individual's consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical procedures to alter a person's physical anatomy to conform to that person's psychological gender identity |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme and persistent dislike of sexual contact or similar activities |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual disorder in which the client finds it difficult to function adequately while having sex |
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Term
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Definition
| paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with experiencing pain or humiliation |
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Term
| sexual pain disorders (dyspareunia) |
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Definition
| recurring genital pain in either males or females before, during, or after sex |
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Term
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Definition
| paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with inflicting pain or humiliation |
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Term
| shared psychotic disorder (folie a deux) |
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Definition
| psychotic disturbance in which individuals develop a delusion similar to that of a person with whom they share a close relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| somatoform disorder involving extreme and long-lasting focus on multiple physical symptoms for which no medical cause is evident |
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Term
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Definition
| pathological concern of individuals with the appearance or functioning of their bodies, usually in the absence of any identifiable medical condition |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbance in the fluency and time patterning of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| disruption in early development involving involuntary motor movements or vocalizations |
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Term
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Definition
| social learning behavior modification system in which individuals earn items they can exchange for desired rewards by displaying appropriate behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| paraphilia in which individuals, usually males, are sexually aroused or receive gratification by wearing clothing of the opposite sex |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring involuntary muscle spasms in the outer third of the vagina that interfere with sexual intercourse |
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Term
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Definition
| paraphilia in which sexual arousal is derived from observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or naked |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| cluster B personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others |
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Term
| avoidant personality disorder |
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Definition
| cluster C personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism |
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Term
| borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| cluster B personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and control over impulses |
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Term
| dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) |
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Definition
| promising treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior |
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Term
| histrionic personality disorder |
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Definition
| cluster B personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
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Term
| narcissistic personality disorder |
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Definition
| cluster B personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration, and lack of empathy |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) |
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Definition
| cluster C personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency |
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Term
| paranoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| cluster A personality disorder involving pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent |
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Term
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Definition
| enduring maladaptive patterns for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts that cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress |
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Term
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Definition
| category similar to antisocial personality disorder but with less emphasis on overt behavior; indicators include superficial charm, lack of remorse, and other personality characteristics |
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Term
| schizoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| cluster A personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions |
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