Term
| what are two types of stereoisomers? |
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Definition
1-enantiomers
2-diastereomers |
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Term
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Definition
| differ in how atoms are connected to each other, but they have the same molecular formula |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms are connected in the same way, but they are in different orientation to each other |
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Term
| What are 2 differences between enantiomers and diasteriomers? |
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Definition
1-enantiomers are mirror images, diastereomers are not.
2-enantiomers have the same physical and chemical properties, while diastereomers have different physical and chemical properties |
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Term
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Definition
| reaction where two or more constitutional isomers are possible but one predominates |
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Term
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Definition
| the electrophile (H+) adds to the carbon of the alkene that has more hydrogens attached to it |
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Term
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Definition
| When an electrophile adds to an alkene following Markonikov's Rule |
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Term
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Definition
| same priority on the same side of the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Same priority on different sides of the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| electron loving- it is an atom or molecule that is electron deficient. (has a positive charge) |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus loving- atom or molecule that is electron-rich. Can be neutral or negatively charged. |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules or atoms (usually unstable) that are formed in an initial reaction but react further to make the final product |
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Term
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Definition
| theoretical state between reactant and intermediate or reactant and product where bonds are in process of being broken & formed |
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Term
| reaction coordinate diagram |
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Definition
| diagram showing energy change as progress through tranistion states and intermediates of reaction |
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Term
| what does delta G stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is more favorable, positive or negative delta G? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| energy required to move from transition state to the next step |
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Term
| Is the step where delta G is the most positive going to be the slowest or fastest step of the reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lowers activation energy and speeds up reaction rate. It may be consumed initially but not regenerated by reaction end |
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Term
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Definition
| metal that adds H, it is weaker than Pd/c and Pt/c catalysts. Can only break a molecule down to an alkene |
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Term
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Definition
| metals that add H, stronger than Lindlar. Can break a molecule all the way down to an alkane |
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Term
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Definition
| Alkyne at the end of a chain. ex: CH3CH2C(triplebond)CH |
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Term
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Definition
alkyne not at the end of a chain. No H attached to C(triplebond)C.
Ex: CH3C(triplebond)CCH3 |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds w/same formula but are not identical |
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Term
| What are the two types of stereoisomers? |
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Definition
1-cis/trans
2-asymmetric centers |
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Term
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Definition
| atom bonded to four different atoms or groups |
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Term
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Definition
| molecule w/right-handed or left-handed stereoisomers. The molecules mirror image is not the same-they are non-super imposible |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that have 1 asymmetric center and are nonsuperimposible mirror images of each other |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| counter clockwise rotation |
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Term
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Definition
-do not have asymmetric centers
-do not rotate polarized light
-optically inactive |
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Term
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Definition
| if light is rotated clockwise; (+) symbol |
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Term
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Definition
| If light is rotated counter clockwise; (-) symbol |
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Term
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Definition
| equal mix of R&S enantiomers of a compound that is not optically active. Light rotation= 0 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
| stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other if more than 1 asymmetric center in the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
-must have 2 or more asymmetric centers
-there will be a plane of symmetry between the 2 asymmetric centers. Each asymmetric center is a mirror image of the other. These compounds do not rotate polarized light because it is super imposible on its mirror image |
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