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| Also called genome. All the genetic information that one specific individual has inherited. Compare phenotype. |
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| Also called synaptic remodeling. The loss of some synapses and the development of others; a refinement of synaptic connections that is often seen in development. |
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| The developmental process during which “surplus” cells die |
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| The study of factors that affect gene expression without making any changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genes themselves. |
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| A substance that markedly affects the growth of neurons in spinal ganglia and in the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. |
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| The establishment of synaptic connections as axons and dendrites grow |
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| An abnormal whorl of neurofilaments within nerve cells. Neurofibrillary tangles are especially apparent in people suffering from dementia |
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| Glial cells that form early in development, spanning the width of the emerging cerebral hemispheres, and guide migrating neurons |
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| A form of dementia that may appear in middle age but is more frequent among the aged. |
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| The movement of cells from site of origin to final location. |
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| A chemical that prevents neurons from dying. |
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| The developmental stage in which cells acquire distinctive characteristics, such as those of neurons, as the result of expressing particular genes. |
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| A chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed. |
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| A protein that accumulates in senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. |
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| Drastic failure of cognitive ability, including memory failure and loss of orientation. |
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| A cell that is undifferentiated and therefore can take on the fate of any cell that a donor organism can produce. |
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| The sum of an individual’s physical characteristics at one particular time. |
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| An embryonic structure with subdivisions that correspond to the future forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The cavity of this tube will include the cerebral ventricles and the passages that connect them |
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| A target-derived chemical that acts as if it “feeds” certain neurons to help them survive |
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| A family of proteins that regulate cell death |
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| The mitotic division of nonneuronal cells to produce neurons |
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