Term
|
Definition
| Air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet's path. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dual impacting of the brain into the skull; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The slowing of an object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resistance that slows a projectile, such as air. |
|
|
Term
| Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score |
|
Definition
| An evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which evaluates and assigns point values (scores) for eye opening, verbal response, and motor response, which are then totaled; effective in helping predict patient outcomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The energy of a moving object. |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of injury (MOI) |
|
Definition
| The way in which traumatic injuries occur; the forces that act on the body to cause damage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trauma that affects more than one body system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The product of mass, gravity, and height, which is converted into kinetic energy and results in injury, such as from a fall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any object propelled by force, such as a bullet by a weapon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulmonary trauma resulting from short-range exposure to the detonation of explosives. |
|
|
Term
| Revised Trauma Score (RTS) |
|
Definition
| A scoring system used for patients with head trauma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The path a projectile takes once it is propelled. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to a patient's body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A score that relates to the likelihood of patient survival with the exception of a severe head injury. It calculates a number from 1 to 16, with 16 being the best possible score. It takes into account the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, respiratory rate, respiratory expansion, systolic blood pressure, and capillary refill. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The eardrum; a thin, semitransparent membrane in the middle ear that transmits sound vibrations to the internal ear by means of auditory ossicles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The product of force times distance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The main artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood vessel, consisting of three layers of tissue and smooth muscle that carries blood away from the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances pass through capillary walls, into and out of the interstitial fluid, and then on to the cells.
coagulate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition that occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below that needed to maintain normal cellular functions; also called shock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition that occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below that needed to maintain normal cellular functions; also called shock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet current needs of the cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A point where a blood vessel lies near a bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrowing of a blood vessel, such as with hypoperfusion or cold extremeties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues to the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very small, thin-walled vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury in which part of the body is completely severed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injuries in which soft-tissue damage occurs as a result from thermal heat, frictional heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, or nuclear radiation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface remains intact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A burn caused by direct contact with a hot object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of infectious organisms or foreign bodies on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient's body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury that occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The outer layer of skin that acts as a watertight protective covering. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The displacement of organs outside of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons, and ligaments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A burn caused by an open flame. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A burn caused by exposure to very intense heat, such as in an explosion. |
|
|
Term
| full-thickness (third-degree) burns |
|
Definition
| Burns that affects all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown, or charred. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lining of body cavities and passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the environment outside the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dressing made of Vaseline-impregnated gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that protects a wound from air and bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injuries in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination. |
|
|
Term
| partial-thickness (second-degree) burns |
|
Definition
| Burns affecting the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissue; characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist, and mottled. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury resulting from a sharp, pointed object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes an animal that is infected with rabies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A burn caused by hot liquids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A burn caused by exposure to hot steam. |
|
|
Term
| superficial (first-degree) burns |
|
Definition
| Burns affecting only the epidermis; characterized by skin that is red but not blistered or actually burned through. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naturally occurring uneven pupil size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the conjunctiva. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and iris of the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A branch of the internal auditory canal that connects the middle ear to the oropharynx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ear canal; leads to the tympanic membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The muscle and surrounding tissue behind the cornea that dilate and constrict the pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye; pigment in this tissue gives the eye its color. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The glands that produce fluids to keep the eye moist; also called tear glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transparent part of the eye through which images are focused on the retina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1" posterior to the external opening of the ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cranial nerve that transmits visual information to the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The external, visible part of the ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The circular opening in the middle of the iris that admits light to the back of the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The light-sensitive area of the eye where images are projected; a layer of cells at the back of the eye that changes the light image into electrical impulses, which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separation of the retina from its attachments at the back of the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures.
sternocleidomastoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| sternocleidomastoid muscles |
|
Definition
| The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues. |
|
|
Term
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
|
Definition
| The joint formed where the mandible and cranium meet, just in front of the ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Layers of bone within the nasal cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The eardrum; a thin, semitransparent membrane in the middle ear that transmits sound vibrations to the internal ear by means of auditory ossicles. |
|
|
Term
| anterograde (posttraumatic) amnesia |
|
Definition
| Inability to remember events after an injury. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually occur following diffuse impact to the head (such as falls, motor vehicle crashes); generally result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull and can be difficult to diagnose with a radiograph (x-ray). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injury in which the brain has been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is no obvious bleeding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerves in the spinal cord that connect the motor and sensory nerves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dual impacting of the brain into the skull; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The action of pulling the spine along its length. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A head position in which the patient's eyes are looking straight ahead and the head and torso are in line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The recommended procedure for moving a patient with a suspected spinal injury from the ground to a long backboard. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cushion that lies between two vertebrae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bleeding within the brain tissue (parenchyma) itself; also referred to as an intraparenchymal hematoma. |
|
|
Term
| intracranial pressure (ICP) |
|
Definition
| The pressure within the cranial vault. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Actions of the body that are not under a person's conscious control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Account for 80% of skull fractures; also referred to as nondisplaced skull fractures; commonly occur in the temporal-parietal region of the skull; not associated with deformities to the skull. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord within the skull and the spinal canal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injury to the head often caused by a penetrating object in which there may be bleeding and exposed brain tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of impact to the head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bruising under the eyes that may indicate a skull fracture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inability to remember events leading up to a head injury. |
|
|
Term
| secondary (indirect) injury |
|
Definition
| The "after effects" of the primary injury; includes abnormal processes such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and infection; onset is often delayed following the primary brain injury. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A partial or incomplete dislocation. |
|
|
Term
| traumatic brain injury (TBI) |
|
Definition
| A traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Actions that we consciously perform, in which sensory input or conscious thought determines a specific muscular activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury in which there is soft-tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The displacement of organs outside of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The posterior region below the margin of the lower rib cage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary muscle contractions (spasms) of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect an inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structures through which materials pass, such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left shoulder pain caused by blood in the peritoneal cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solid masses of tissue where much of the chemical work of the body takes place (eg, the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys). |
|
|
Term
| cardiac tamponade (pericardial tamponade) |
|
Definition
| Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person's heartbeat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collection of blood in the pleural cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bruise of the heart muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dressing made of Vaseline-impregnated gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that protects a wound from air and bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as a bullet or knife. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; also referred to as a sucking chest wound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion—in during inhalation, out during exhalation—is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injury or bruising of lung tissue that results in hemorrhage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound. See also open pneumothorax. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased respiratory rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collasped the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An injury in which there is soft-tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact.
evisceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The displacement of organs outside of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The posterior region below the margin of the lower rib cage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary muscle contractions (spasms) of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect an inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structures through which materials pass, such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left shoulder pain caused by blood in the peritoneal cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An injury in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solid masses of tissue where much of the chemical work of the body takes place (eg, the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys). |
|
|
Term
| acromioclavicular (AC) joint |
|
Definition
| A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fracture in which the skin is not broken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are completely displaced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in anatomic alignment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A break in the continuity of a bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The place where two bones come into contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been damaged. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; set. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A flexible or rigid appliance used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A partial or incomplete dislocation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The shin bone, the larger of the two bones of the lower leg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Longitudinal force applied to a structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The temperature of the surrounding environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A serum that counteracts the effect of venom from an animal or insect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common name for decompression sickness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of consciousness caused by a decreased breathing stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The loss of heat by direct contact (eg, when a body part comes into contact with a colder object). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The loss of body heat caused by air movement (eg, breeze blowing across the body). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The temperature of the central part of the body (eg, the heart, lungs, and vital organs). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues; also called "the bends." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slowing of the heart rate caused by submersion in cold water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any signs and symptoms caused by the difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure in various tissues, fluids, and cavities of the body. |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| Conversion of water or another fluid from a liquid to a gas. |
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| Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts are frostbitten. |
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| Painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment. |
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| A form of heat injury in which the body loses significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes because of heavy sweating; also called heat prostration or heat collapse. |
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| A life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status; and often irreversible coma. |
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| A family of insects that includes bees, wasps, ants, and yellow jackets. |
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| A condition in which the body core temperature rises to 101°F (38.3°C) or more. |
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| A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures. |
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| The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy, for example heat gain from a fire. |
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| The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
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| A triage process in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest, and different from conventional triage where such patients would be classified as deceased. Used in triaging multiple victims of a lightning strike. |
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| A system that delivers air to the mouth and lungs at various atmospheric pressures, increasing with the depth of the dive; stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. |
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| The ability of the skin to resist deformation; tested by gently pinching skin on the forehead or back of the hand. |
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