Thiamin ( Vitamin B1)

B-Vitamin

water soluble

Beriberi- Damage to the nervous system, heart and other muscles, weight loss

-No adverse effects have been associated with excess thiamin.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

B Vitamins

Water Soluble

Ariboflavinosis- Sore throat, redness at corners of mouth, painful, purplish red tongue. Inflammation characterized by skin lesions covered with greasy scales

- There are no know toxcicity reported

Niacin (Nicotin acid, Nicotinamide, Niacinamide, Vitamin B3)

B Vitamins

Water soluble

Pellagra-  Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, swollen smooth bright red tongue. Depression, fatigue loss of memory. Bilateral symmetrical rash on areas exposed.

Toxicity- painful flush, hives, rash, liver damage and impared glucose tolerance 

Biotin

B Vitamin

Water soluble

Biotin deficiency are not common.

Symptoms of Biotin deficiency include: Depression, Hallucinations, numbness of the arms and legs, red scaly rach around the eyes, nose and mouth and also hair loss

no known toxicity

Panthothenc Acid

B Vitamin

Water soluble

Deficiencys are rare

Deficency symptoms; Stomach cramps insomnia, depressin irritability, Hypoclycemia, increased sensitivity to insulin, numbness, muscle cramps, iniability to walk.

Toxicity- None reported

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine)

Water Soluble Vitamin

No known disease

Dificiency symptoms- Scaly dermatitis, anemia, depression, confusion and convulsion

Toxicity symptoms- Fatigue, irritability, headaches, nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to an inability to walk, convulsions and skin lesions

Folate (Folacin, Folic Acid, pteroylglutamic acid)

B Vitamins

Water Soluble

No known disease

Dificiency symptoms- Anemia (large cell type), smooth red tongue, mental confusion, weakness, shortness of breath, elevated homocysteine.  Low levels of folate increase  risk of heart disease

Toxicity symptoms- Masks vitamin B12 dificiency symptoms and delays diagnosis of neurological damage

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

B Vitamins

Water soluble

Deficiency disese- Pernicious anemia

Deficiency symptoms- Anemia (large cell type) degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis, sore tongue,loss of appetite, constipation.

No known toxicity.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

Water soluble

Dificeincy disease- Scurvy

Dificiency symptoms- Anemia (small cell type) atherosclerotic plaques, pinpoint hemorrhages, bone fragility, joint pain, poor wound healing, frequent infections, bleeding gums, loose teeth,  muscle degeneration and pain.

Toxicity symptoms- Nausea, Abdominal cramps,  diarrhea, headache, fatigue, insomnia, hot flashes,  rashes interfence  with medical test, aggrivation of gout symptoms.

Choline

Non B Vitamin

Dificiency symptoms- Liver damage

Toxicity symptoms- Body odor, sweating, salivation, reduced growth rate, low blood pressure, liver damage

Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid)

Fat Soluble

Deficiency disease- Hypovitaminosis A

Dificiency symptoms-  Night blindness, corneal drying, triangualr gray spots on eye, softening of the cornea, impaired immunity, hyperkeratinosis.

Toxicity- Hypervitaminosis A

Vitamin D (Calciferol, Calcitriol, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol)

Fat Soluble

No deficiency disease

Deficiency symptoms- Rickets in children: inadequate calcification results in misshapen bones, deformities of ribs, delayed closing of fontanel, muscle spasm

Osteomalacia or osteoperosis- loss of calcium, progressive weakness, pain in pelvis, lower back and legs.

Toxicity disease- elevated blood calium,  calcification of soft tissue ( blood vesels, kidneys, heart, lungs, tissue around joints)

Vitamin E ( Alpha-tocopherol)

Fat Soluble

No deficiency disease

Deficiency symptoms- Red blood cell breakage, nerve damage

Toxicity symptoms- Augments the effects of anticlotting medication.

Vitamin K ( phylloquinone, menauinone, menadione, naphthoquinone)

Fat Soluble

No deficiency disease

 Deficiency symptoms- Hemorrhaging

No toxicity symptoms known