Term
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Definition
Other name: B1
Deficiency disease: Beriberi
Deficiency symptoms: Enlarged heart, cardiac failure; muscular weakness; apathy, poor short term memory, confusion, irritability; anorexia, weight loss
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: none
Sources: Grain products, pork |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: B2
Deficiency disease: Ariboflavinosis
Deficiency symptoms: Sore throat, cracks and redness at corners of mouth; painful, smooth, purplish red tongue; inflammation characterized by skin lesions covered with greasy scales
Oral implications associated with deficiency: sore throat, cracks and redness around corners of mouth, smooth, purplish red tongue
Toxicity: none
Sources: Milk products, whole grain |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: B3, Nicotinic acid, precursor is tryptophan
Deficiency disease: Pellagra
Deficiency symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting; inflamed swollen, smooth, bright red tongue, depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, headage
Oral implications associated with deficiency: inflamed, swollen, smooth, bright red tongue
Toxicity: Painful flush, hives and rash, nausea and vomiting, liver damage, impaired glucose tolerance
Sources: Milk, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, whole grain, nuts |
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Term
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Definition
Deficiency symptoms: Depression, lethargy, hallucinations, numb or tingling sensation in the arms and legs; red, scaly rash around the eyes, nose, and mouth; hair loss
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: none
Sources: widespread throughout food, egg yolks, soybeans, fish, whole grains, produced by GI bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Deficiency symptoms: Vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps; insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability, restlessness, apathy; hypoglycemia, increased sensitivity to insulin; numbness, muscle cramps, inability to walk
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: none
Sources: widespread in foods, chicken, beef, potatoes, oats, tomatoes, egg yolk, liver, broccoli, whole grains |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: Pyridoxine
Deficiency symptoms: Scaly dermatitis; anemia; depression, confusion, convulsions
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: Depression, fatigue, irritability, headaches, nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to an inability to walk and convulsions; skin lesions
Sources: Meats, fish, poultry, potatoes and other starchy vegetables, legumes, noncitrus fruits, fortified cereals, liver, soy products |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: Folic acid
Deficiency symptoms: Anemia; smooth, red tongue; mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache; shortness of breath; elevated homocysteine
Oral implications associated with deficiency: smooth, red tongue
Toxicity: masks vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms
Sources: fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, liver |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: Cobalamin
Deficiency disease: Pernicious anemia
Deficiency symptoms: Anemia, fatigue, degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis; sore tongue, loss of appetite, constipation
Oral implications associated with deficiency: sore tongue
Toxicity: none
Sources: foods of animal origin, fortified cereals |
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Term
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Definition
Deficiency symptoms: liver damage
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: body odor, sweating, salivation, reduced growth rate, low blood pressure, liver damage
Sources: milk, liver, eggs, peanuts |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: ascorbic acid
Deficiency disease: scurvy
Deficiency symptoms: gums bleed easily, muscle degeneration, rough, brown, scaly and dry skin, wounds fail to heal, bone rebuilding falters, anemia, hysteria and depression
Oral implications associated with deficiency: gums bleed easily and poor healing, bones are brittle and affect periodontitis patients
Toxicity: nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea
Sources: citrus fruits, cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes, papayas, mangoes |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: Retinol
Deficiency disease: Hypovitaminosis A
Deficiency symptoms: Night blindess, corneal drying, triangular gray spots on eye, softening of the cornea, corneal degeneration and blindness, impaired immunity, plugging of hair follicies with keratin, forming white lumps
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: Hypervitaminosis A
Sources: Retinol; milk, cheese, cream, butter, eggs, liver |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: Calciferol
Deficiency symptoms: Inadequate calcification, misshapen bones, enlargement of end of long bones, deformities of ribs, delayed closing of fontanel, lax muscles, muscle spasms
Oral implications associated with deficiency: bone deformity, might affect periodontitis patients
Sources: synthesized in the body with the help of sunlight; fortified milk, margarine, butter, juices, cereals, veal, beef, egg yolks, liver, fatty fish
Toxicity: |
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Term
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Definition
Other name: Alpha-tocopherol
Deficiency symptoms: red blood cell breakage, nerve damage
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: augments the effects of anticlotting medication
Sources: Polyunsaturated plant oils, leafy green vegetables, wheat germ, whole grains, liver egg yolks, nuts, seeds, fatty meats |
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Term
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Definition
Other names: Phylloquinone
Deficiency symptoms: hemorrhaging
Oral implications associated with deficiency: none
Toxicity: none
Sources: Bacterial synthesis in the digestive trace; liver; leafy green vegetables, cabbage-type vegetables; milk
Sources: |
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