Term
Thiamine:
- What is it
- What is it necessary for
- What does deficiency cause and how |
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Definition
What: Vitamin B1
For: in TPP (thiamine pyrophasphate)
Deficiency: Impaired glucose breakdown causing depletion of ATP. Causes beriberi. |
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Term
Riboflavin:
- What is it
- What is it necessary for (2)
- What does deficiency cause (2) |
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Definition
What: Vitamin B2
For: derives FAD and FMN (cofactor in redox reactions)
Deficiency: Cheilosis (lip inflammation and fissures with scaling at corners of mouth) and corneal vascularization |
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Term
Niacin:
- What is it
- What is it necessary for (2)
- What does deficiency cause and how (2) |
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Definition
What: Vitamin B3
For: Constituent of NAD+ and NADP+ (redox reactions). Derived from tryptophan.
Deficiency: Glossitis and Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia) |
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Term
Pantothenate:
- What is it
- What is it necessary for
- What does deficiency cause and how (4) |
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Definition
What: Vitamin B5
For: Component of CoA, necessary for FA synthesis
Deficiency: Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia (hair loss), and adrenal insufficiency |
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Term
Pyridoxine:
- What is it
- What is it necessary for (3)
- What does deficiency cause and how (4) |
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Definition
What: Vitamin B6
For: converted to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and used in transamination, decarboxylation, and glycogen phosphorylase reactions
Deficiency: Convulsions, irritable, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia
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Term
Cobalamin:
- What is it
- What is it necessary for (2)
- What does deficiency cause (3) |
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Definition
What: Vitamin B12
For: cofactor for homocystein methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
Deficiency: Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMNs, neuro symptoms
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Term
Folic acid:
- What is it necessary for
- What does deficiency cause (2) |
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Definition
What:
For: Converted to THF (a coenzyme) used for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
Deficiency: Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia (no neuro symptoms) |
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Term
SAM (S-adenosyl-methionine)
- What is it
- What is it necessary for
- How does deficiency occur? |
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Definition
What: ATP+ methionine
For: transfers methyl units, required for conversion of NE to epinephrine
Deficiency: Regenration requires both B12 and folate |
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Term
Biotin:
- What is it necessary for
- How does deficiency occur
- What does deficiency cause |
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Definition
For: cofactor for carboxylation enzymes
Cause of deficiency: Antibiotic use or ingestion of raw eggs (avidin in the egg whites binds biotin)
Result: Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis |
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Term
2 things ascorbic acid is needed for
What does deficiency cause? (3) |
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Definition
Facilitates iron absorption by keeping iron in Fe2+ reduced state
Necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
Deficiency causes scurvy, anemia, and poor wound healing
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Term
| What is Niacin use to treat and what can excess cause? |
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Definition
Niacin= Vitamin B3
Treats: hyperlipidemia
Excess: facial flushing |
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Term
| What does vitamin D deficiency cause? (3) |
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Definition
Rickets in children (bending bones)
Osteomalacia in adults (soft bones)
Hypoclacemic tetany
Vitamin D is LOW in breast milk, especially in dark skinned people
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Term
What is the function of Vitamin E?
What does deficiency cause? (3) |
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Definition
Function: Antioxidant
Deficiency: hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, posterior column and spinocerebellar demyelination |
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Term
| 5 results (symptoms) of zinc deficiency |
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Definition
Delayed wound healing
Hypogonadism
Decreased adult hair
Dysgeusia (distorted taste)
Anosmia |
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