Term
| B6 is a family of 3 compounds- |
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Definition
| Pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine |
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Term
| All of the B6 compounds can be converted to coenzyme known as |
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Definition
| Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP) |
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Term
| B6 as PLP plays a coenzyme role in more than ______ enzymatic reactions in human cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vitamin plays a role in the synthesis of Heme, which is part of larger molecule Hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| How does PLP affect blood glucose? |
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Definition
| PLP helps maintain blood glucose by assisting in the release of glucose from glycogen |
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Term
| PLP is required for synthesis of neurotransmitters like |
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Definition
| Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA, etc |
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Term
| Which vitamin assists with the formaiton of the B-vitamin Miacin from the amino acid tryptophan |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle tissues of animals (so meat, fish, poultry) as well as whole grains, peanut butter, garbanzo beans, and breakfast cereal |
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Term
| Why is whole wheat not as satisfactory a source of B6 |
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Definition
| A lot of B6 is lost in the refining process |
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Term
| Symptoms of B6 deficiency |
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Definition
| Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression |
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Term
| What two syndromes have been historically treated with B6 supplements? |
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Definition
| Carpal tunney syndrome and PMS |
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Term
| High doses of B6 can cause |
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Definition
| Irreversible nerve damage |
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Term
| How is PLP essential to the metabolism of amino acids? |
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Definition
| It is the coenzyme for the transaminaiton reaction that transfers amino groups to allow synthesis of nonessential amino acids |
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Term
| Folate comes from the latin word |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| All forms of folate are converted to its basic coenzyme |
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Definition
| Tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) |
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Term
| Term folic acid refers to |
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Definition
| Synthetic form of vitamin found in supplements and fortified food |
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Term
| Folate is required for the |
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Definition
| Synthesis and maintenance of new cells |
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Term
| Folate coenzymes are critical for the synthesis of _____ and amino acid metabolism |
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Definition
| DNA and also neurotransmitter function |
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Term
| Folate participates in the give and take of ______-carbon groups |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Liver, legumes, dark leafy greens, fortified breakfast cereals |
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Term
| Food processing can destroy ___-____% of folate in food |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is susceptible to deficiencies of folate |
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Definition
| Alcoholics (with absorption problems) and pregnant women (who have increased needs) , and cancer patients |
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Term
| Megalobastic (or Macrocytic) Anemia |
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Definition
| Large immature red blood cells formed from folate deficiency |
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Term
| Folate participates in red blood cells creations because |
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Definition
| Folate is needed for DNA metabolism and red blood cells have a lifespan of only 120 days so we they are rapdily made. No folate=deformed red blood cells |
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Term
| Any cell that requires frequent rejuvenation or recreation will be affected by a _________ deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| Folate deficiency can affect the gut why? |
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Definition
| Folate is required in the the rejuvenation of gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Pteridine, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 1 or more molecules of the amino acid glutamic acid. |
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Term
| Folate helps prevent nerual tube defects like |
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Definition
| Spina Bifida and Anecephaly |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyanocobalamin or Cobalamin |
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Term
| "Cobal" in cobalamin refers to the fact that Vitamin _____ contains the mineral ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| In food, B12 is bound to _______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Protien, produced by slaavary glands, that enhances the absorption of B12 possibly by protecting the vitamin during its passage through the stomach |
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Term
| What happens to B12 in the mouth? |
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Definition
| It is coated with R-protein produced by salivary glands and then travels to the stomach attached to a protein |
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Term
| What happens to B12 in the stomach? |
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Definition
| HCI and pepsin release it from a protein. It binds with R-protein, and pariatel cells secrete intrinsic factor |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance in gastic juices that enhances vitamin B12 absorption |
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Term
| What happens to B12 in the small intestine? |
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Definition
| Trypsin from the pancreas releases R-protein from B12. Vitamin 12 links with intrinsic factor |
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Term
| What happens to B12 in the ileum? |
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Definition
| B12/intrinsic factor complex is absorbed into blood and binds to transport protein trascobalmin II |
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Term
| What happens to B12 in the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the overall need of B12 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Does the body store up large or small stores of B12. As a result, do deficiencies take a long or short amount of time to develop? |
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Definition
| Large stores means long time to develop |
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Term
| What is the function of B12 as a coenzyme |
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Definition
| It helps move one carbon units. It works with folate and converts the folate coenzyme back to its active form |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria fungi, algae. Meat, poulty, seafood, and eggs, and dairy products |
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Term
| Deficiencies of B12 cause a disease called |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of pernicious anemia include |
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Definition
| Macrocytic anemia (like folate), nerve degeneration, severe mental problems, serious medical problems and death |
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Term
| Special risk for B12 deficiencies |
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Definition
| Vegans and babies of vegan breastfeeding moms. Also, old people |
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