Term
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Definition
| antioxidant. normal differentiation of epithelial cells. prevents squamous metaplasia. tx measles, APL. deficiency causes night blindness and dry skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase, branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase, and transketolase. deficiency causes impaired glucose breakdown. heart and brain affected first. |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for oxidation/reduction. FAD, FMN. deficiency causes cheilosis and corneal vascularization. |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for redox reactions. derived from tryptophan. requires B6 for synthesis. deficiency causes diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia. excess causes flushing. |
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Term
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Definition
| CoA. used in acyl transfers and fatty acid synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for transamination, decarboxylation, glycogen phosphorylase. used in synthesis of heme, niacin, histamine, cystathionine, serotonin, Epi, NE, GABA. deficiency causes convulsions, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias. |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for carboxylation. pyruvate carboxylase, acetylCoAcarboxylase, propionylCoAcarboxylase. deficiency from excess raw eggs. |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesis of DNA and RNA bases. deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects. |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonylCoA mutase. deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, neuro probs. use Schilling test. |
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Term
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Definition
| transfers methyl units. required for conversion of NE to Epi. |
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Term
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Definition
| antioxidant. keeps iron reduced. hydroxylation of proline and lysine. dopamine to NE conversion. deficiency causes bleeding gums, hemarthrosis, poor wound healing |
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Term
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Definition
| increases intestinal absorption of Calcium and phosphate. |
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Term
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Definition
| antioxidant. protects erythrocytes. deficiency causes hemolytic anemia, posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination. |
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Term
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Definition
| gama carboxylation of glutamate on factors 10, 9, 7, 2, protein C and S. deficiency causes neonatal hemorrhage but normal bleeding time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency causes delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair, dysgeusia, anosmia. |
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