Shared Flashcard Set

Details

vitamins and minerals
primary functions
28
Nutrition
Undergraduate 1
04/27/2013

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Cards

Term
vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid)
Definition
required for ability of eyes to adjust in changes of light
protects color vision
healthy bones
healthy immune system
Term
Vitamin D (cholecakiferol)
Definition
Regulates blood calcium levels
Maintains bone health
Term
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Definition
Antioxidant that protects cell membranes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin A from oxidation
Protects white blood cells
Enhances immune function
Improves absorption of vitamin A
Term
Vitamin K (phylloguinone, menaguinone, menadione)
Definition
Serves as a coenzyme during production of specific proteins that assist in blood coagulated and bone metabolism
Term
Thiamin (vitamin B1)
Definition
Required as enzyme cofactor for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism
Term
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Definition
required as enzyme cofactor for carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Term
Niacin, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid
Definition
Required for carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Plays role in DNA replication and repair and cell differentiation
Term
Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine (vitamin B6)
Definition
Required as enzyme cofactor for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism
Assists synthesis of blood cells
Term
Folate (folic acid)
Definition
Required as enzyme cofactor for amino acid metabolism
Required for DNA synthesis
Involved in metabolism of homocysteine
Term
cobalamin (vitamin B12)
Definition
Assists with formation of blood
Required for healthy nervous system function
Involved as enzyme cofactor in metabolism of homocysteine
Term
Pantothenic acid
Definition
Assists with fat metabolism
Term
Biotin
Definition
Involved as enzyme cofactor in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
Term
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
Definition
Antioxidant in extracellular fluid and lungs
Regenerates oxidized vitamin E
Assists with collagen synthesis
Enhances immune function
Assists in synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters, and DNA
Enhances iron absorption
Term
Sodium
Definition
Fluid balance
Acid-base balance
Transmission of nerve impulses
Muscle contractions
Term
Potassium
Definition
Fluid balance
Transmission of nerve impulses
Muscle contraction
Term
Phosphorus
Definition
Fluid balance
Bone formation
Component of ATP
Term
Chloride
Definition
Fluid balance
Transmission of nerve impulses
Component of stomach acid (HCl)
Antibacterial
Term
Calcium
Definition
Primary component of bone
Acid-base balance
Transmission of nerve impulses
Muscle contractions
Term
Magnesium
Definition
Component of bone
Muscle contraction
Assists more than 300 enzyme systems
Term
Sulfur
Definition
Component of certain B-vitamins and amino acids
Acid-base balance
Detoxification in liver
Term
Selenium
Definition
Required for carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Term
Fluoride
Definition
Development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones
Term
Iodine
Definition
Synthesis of thyroid hormones
Temperature regulation
Reproduction and growth
Term
Chromium
Definition
Glucose transport
Metabolism of DNA and RNA
Immune function and growth
Term
Manganese
Definition
Assists many enzyme systems
Synthesis of protein found in bone and cartilage
Term
Iron
Definition
Component of hemoglobin in blood cells
Component of myoglobin in muscle cells
Assists many enzyme systems
Term
Zinc
Definition
Assists more than 100 enzyme systems
Immune system function
Growth and sexual maturation
Gene regulation
Term
Copper
Definition
Assists many enzyme systems
Iron transport
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