Only water-soluble vitamin that is stored in body and therefore takes years to deplete.

What vitamin is a precursors for TPP?

What reactions is it used for?

TPP = thiamine pyrophosphate

Pyruvate --> AcCoa

Isocitrate --> alpha-ketoglutarate

Ribulose-5-Phosphate --> Fructose-6-Phosphate

1. Dry beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting)

2. Wet beriberi (dilated cardiomyopathy)

3. Wernicke (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)

Korsakoff (memory loss, confabulation)

Stomatitis (mouths ores)

Cheiolosis (skin fissures at corners of mouth)

Corneal vascularization

Glossitis

What condition is associated with vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency?

What component must the diet also be deficient in?

Pellagra (dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis)

Must also be deficient in tryptophan because niacin can be synthesized from tryptophan using B6.

1. Vitamin B3 (niacin)

2. Serotonin

3. Melatonin

Vitamin B5 (pantothenate)

As seen in succinyl CoA, acetyl CoA, fatty acyl CoA

dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

1. Transamination

2. Porphyrin synthesis

3. Tryptophan --> Niacin

1. Similar pictures to Vit B2 deficiency (cheilosis, glossitis)

2. Convulsions in infants due to decreased GABA synthesis

3. Hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy (seen in INH and oral contraceptive use)

Homocysteine + N-methyl THF --> Methionine + THF

Methylmalonyl-CoA --> Succinyl CoA

Folate deficiency.

Most common vitamin deficiency in the U.S.

What reactions is biotic used in?

Pyruvate --> oxaloacetate

AcCoA --> malonyl CoA

 ProprionylCoA --> methylmalonyl CoA

Vitamin C (absorbic acid)

Also enhances reduced state of iron and FH4

Vitamin C is used for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis.

What organelle does this take place?

Endoplasmic reticulum.

Vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy. What are the symptoms?

Swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing.

Results in defective osteiod matrix formation.

What disease states can lead to impaired fat soluble vitamin absorption?

In what part of the GI tract are they absorbed?

1. Malabsorption syndromes

2. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency

3. Biliary obstruction

Absorbed in the ileum.

Vitamin K is involved in the gamma-carboxylation of glutamic residues of factors II, VII, IX, XI, protein C and S.

Which of these is associated with skin necrosis in a vitamin K deficient state?

Which vitamin is a precursor in rhodopsin synthesis?

Deficiency of this enzyme results in what disease?

Vitamin A.

Results in night blindness.

Can also cause dry skin and eyes.

Vitamin K to prevent a hemorrhagic diathesis.

Also supplement vitamin D if baby is being breastfed.