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Viruses and Bacteria
Terms covering viruses and bacteria
23
Biology
9th Grade
03/23/2011

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Term
viruses
Definition
segments of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat
Term
capsid
Definition
a protein coat that may contain either RNA or DNA
Term
envelope
Definition
surrounds the capsid and helps the virus enter cells
Term
glycoproteins
Definition
proteins, lipids, and _______ (derived from the host cell) make up the envelope
Term
bacteriophages
Definition
viruses that infect bacteria
Term
pathogen
Definition
any agent that causes disease
Term
lytic cycle
Definition
the cycle of infection, replication, and cell destruction
Term
provirus
Definition
viral gene inserted into the host chromosome
Term
lysogenic cycle
Definition
replication cycle in which the cell and provirus divides, resulting in two infected host cells
Term
emerging viruses
Definition
viruses that evolve in a geographically isolated area and are pathogenic to humans
Term
viroids
Definition
infectious disease agents that have a single strand of RNA and have no capsid
Term
prions
Definition
class of infectious particles, which are composed of protein with no nucleic acid
Term
pilus
Definition
an outgrowth on bacteria that attaches to surfaces or other cells
Term
bacillus
Definition
rod-shaped bacterium
Term
coccus
Definition
round-shaped bacterium
Term
spirillum
Definition
spiral-shaped bacterium
Term
capsule
Definition
a gel-like layer outside the cell wall and membrane
Term
antibiotics
Definition
chemicals that interfere with life processes in bacteria
Term
endospores
Definition
bacterial structures that can survive environmental stress
Term
conjugation
Definition
a process in which two organisms exchange genetic material
Term
anaerobic
Definition
oxygen-free environment
Term
aerobic
Definition
environment with oxygen
Term
toxins
Definition
chemicals poisonous to eukaryotic cells
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