What are the three different classifications of

viruses in regard to Nucleic acid content

1.DNA(ss,ds)

2.RNA(ss,ds,neg strand,pos strand)

3.Retroviruses

Attachment,Entry,Viral replication,

Assembly,and Release

1.Direct penetration(shoots genome in)

2.Membrane fusion(envelope fuses)

3.Phagocytosis

Goes directly to ribosomes functioning as mrna,

produces proteins, uses vrna polymerase to

change from + to - to produce more +ssrna

Reverse transcriptase(transcribe DNA from RNA)

Integrase(puts vgenome into cells genome)

Protease(cleaves RT and integrase)

The positive strand acts as mrna,

the neg strand acts as a template

Dna goes to genome,transcribed into vrna,

goes to ribosomes produces proteins,back to

nucleus for assembly

DNA viruses are assembled in the nucleus

Retro and RNA viruses are assembled in the cytoplasm

What are the three ways viruses

are released from a cell?

Budding(viruses with envelope)

Exocytosis

Lysis

Small pox

a)variola major

b)variola minor

requires close contact,spread by inhalation

of virus, in droplets and dried crust

1.herpes simplex 1 and 2

2.Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

3.Epstein bar(mono)

4.Cytomegalovirus

5.HHV8(roseola)

6.HHV8(Koposi sarcoma)

1.initial infection-enters through cuts and abrasions,lesions may appear,infected cells fuse with noninfected forming a syncytium

2.Latency stage-goes to nerve cells,carried

to sacral ganglia in genital herpes and

trigeminal ganglia in oral herpes

3.comes out of latency-any kind of stress causes

1.Oral herpes simplex (usually hsv1)

2.Genital Herpes simplex(can be either)

3.Ocular Herpes simplex(Hsv1 from gang cause blindness)

4.Whitelow Herpes simplex(get from touching sores)

5.Neonatal herpes simplex(usually infected during birth very serious)

What happens if hhv-3 Varicella-zoster

comes out of latency?

Burkitts lymphoma

Mononucleosis

What three diseases have Epstein-Barr

been associated with?

a.Nasopharyngeal cancer

b.Chronic fatigue syndrome

c.Hodgkins lymphoma

most are asymptomatic,babies and

immunosuppresed are symtomatic

HHV-6 what does it cause and what disease

has it been associated with

Roseola and it has been associated

with multiple sclerosis

prevalent in aids patients,

causes Kaposis sarcoma

a.seed warts-fingers and toes

b.planter warts-soles of the feets

c.genital warts

How many types of hpv are there?

how many are spread by sex?

approximately 100

30 are spread by sex

How many of the sexually transmitted

hpv can give you cancer?

10 of the 30 can cause cancer but all 30 will give

you an abnormal pap

5 will give you warts, 3 of these can give you cancer meaning that there are 7 cancer causing strains

that are onlly detected with a pap

treat with interferon,prevent with a vaccine,resistant

to normal cleaners need 10% bleach to kill

common cold,conjunctivitis

attenuated vaccine,only used in military

because of associations with cancer

HIV 1-reproduces faster,found in europe and US

HIV 2-replicates more slowly found in west africa

a.T-helper cells

b.Macrophages

c.Microglial

d.smooth muscle

e.Dendritic cells

A.initial infection-release viruses all over 6months

B.clinical latency-body produces abs,viral levals plummet,tc-cells kill Th cells,patient unaware 5-10 years

C.Development of aids-body cannot keep making

Th cells,Th count falls below 200/ul,immune

system becomes impaired

What is the most important source

of transmission for hiv

infected cells(wbc)-approximately 5000 infected cells per ml of blood, can be 10000 per ejaculate,can ce

in wbc of vagina

1.anal sex

2.Vaginal for women

3.vaginal for uncircumsized men

4.vaginal for circumsized men

diagnose HIV with  an elisa or a pcr

diagnose AIDs if TH drops below 200 per ul of blood

What is unusual about the

structure of orthomyxoviridae?

1.HA-attach to pulmonary cells and cause phag

2.NA-hydrolisis your mucus

antigenic drift is slow minor changes in which the HA and NA mutate giving new strains,happens every few years

antigenic shift is a cell with two strains at once and will trade pieces of rna creating an entirely new strain with different HA and NA happens every 10 years

1.Measles (Kopliks spots)

2.parainfluenza(croup)

3.Mumps (swollen glands)

common cold

polio

hepatitis A

1.asymptomatic

2.minor polio(flu like)

3.nonparalytic(muscle spasms and back pain)

4.paralytic (affects motor cortex,causes paralysis)