Term
| Viruses are obligate ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Viruses depend on host cell machinery for replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of nucleic acids can viruses use as genetic material? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F viruses have independent protein synthesis, energy synthesis and are susceptible to antibiotics |
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Definition
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Term
| Basic idea of viral reproduction |
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Definition
| synthesis of subunits and assembly of virus within a living cell |
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Term
| 4 ways that viruses are unique |
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Definition
| small size, obligate intracellular, DNA or RNA genome, replication by synthesis/assembly |
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Term
| What does the small size of viruses limit? |
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Definition
| The amount of genetic material they can hold |
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Term
| What is a naked virus composed of? Called? |
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Definition
| The DNA or RNA genome + the protein capsid = Nucleocapsid |
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Term
| What are enveloped viruses composed of? |
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Definition
| Nucleocapsid, matrix/tegument, lipid-bilayer, and peplomers |
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Term
| What is the matrix/tegument? |
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Definition
| proteinaceous layer between the envelope and nucleocapsid |
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Term
| What is the viral envelope? |
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Definition
| Lipid bilayer from host membrane carrying viral peplomers |
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Term
| What are viral peplomers? |
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Definition
| envelope glycoproteins, "spikes" |
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Term
| Name the 5 DNA virus Genome types |
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Definition
| Linear duplex, closed duplex, closed circle duplex, duplex circle with one incomplete strand, linear single strand |
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Term
| Adenovirus and herpesvirus have ____ genome |
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Definition
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Term
| Poxvirus has ______ genome |
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Definition
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Term
| Polyomavirus and Papillomavirus have ____ genome |
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Definition
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Term
| Hepadnavirus has ______ genome |
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Definition
| duplex circle one strand incomplete |
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Term
| Parvovirus has _____ genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a positive-strand RNA genome? |
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Definition
| a genome with RNA that has the same polarity as the coding strand of DNA |
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Term
| T/F positive strand RNA can act as mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What is negative-stranded RNA genome? |
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Definition
| same polarity as the template strand |
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Term
| T/F negative-strand RNA can act as mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 6 RNA genome types? |
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Definition
| linear single +/-, linear double (segmented), linear single (+) diploid, linear single (-) segmented, circular single (-) |
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Term
| PICORNAVIRUS, NOROVIRUS, TOGAVIRUS, FLAVIVIRUS, and CORONAVIRUS have _____ RNA genome type? |
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Definition
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Term
| PARAMYXOVIRUS, FILOVIRUS, BUNYAVIRUS, RHABDOVIRUS have what type of RNA genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reovirus (Rotavirus) has what type of RNA genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Retrovirus has what type of RNA genome? |
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Definition
| Linear single (+) DIPLOID |
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Term
| Orthomyxovirus and arenavirus have what type of RNA genome? |
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Definition
| Linear single (-) SEGMENTED |
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Term
| Hepatitis delta has what type of RNA genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does diploid structure mean? |
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Definition
| The same genetic makeup repeated |
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Term
| What does segmented genome mean? |
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Definition
| different info in each segment |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment/entry to cell surfaces, protect genome, and antigenicity |
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Term
| List 5 ways that the capsid protects the genome |
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Definition
| Makes detergents, proteases, nucleases, is acid and drying resistant |
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Term
| How does the capsid help with vaccination and diagnosis? |
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Definition
| Host humoral response sees capsule as foreign and makes Ab |
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Term
| What do negative-strand RNA viruses carry in their capsid to transcribe their genome? |
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Definition
| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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Term
| Describe capsid formation |
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Definition
| viral genome is transcripted/translated to make protomers that self assemble into capsomers which then form the capsid |
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Term
| Protomers are ____ units while Capsomers are _____ units |
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Definition
| structural, morphological |
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Term
| Name 3 types of Capsid symmetries |
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Definition
| Icosohedral, helical, and complex (irregular) |
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Term
| What are the two morphologies of capsomers that make up the icosahedron? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many vertices, faces, and edges are on a icosahedron? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F the icosahedral capsid is rigid and limits the size of the nucleic acids inside? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the morphological units of Helical capsids? |
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Definition
| NONE! The protomers assemble around the DNA, the capsid assembles around the genome |
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Term
| What is the length limit for Helical capsids? Are they rigid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are viral envelopes more or less resistant to the host environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 functions of the viral envelope |
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Definition
| Protect nucleocapsid from nucleases, attachment/entry, antigenicity (for diagnosis) |
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Term
| Two functions of the viral matrix/tegument? |
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Definition
| Viral assembly and to help initiate new infection |
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Term
| How does the matrix assist in viral assembly? |
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Definition
| It directs capsids to correct comparment and mediates nucleocapsid-envelope association |
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Term
| How does the matrix help initiate new infections? |
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Definition
| Delivers proteins to infected cells |
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Term
| ___ Nucleoplasmids are all enveloped while only some ____ nucleoplasmids have envelopes |
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Definition
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Term
| Different peplomers have different ____ |
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Definition
| functions, can contain enzymes (flu) |
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Term
| What are the four structural components of viruses used for grouping? |
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Definition
| nucleic acid type, size (diam helix, # capsomers), presence of envelope (= ether sensitive), capsid symmetry (ico, helical, complex) |
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Term
| How many RNA viruses are there? DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 7 HHAPPPPy DNA viruses? |
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Definition
| Herpes-, hepadna-, adeno-, pox-, parvo-, polyoma-, and papillomavirus |
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Term
| What large, ether sensitive virus causes cold sores, genital herpes, chicken pox/shingles, mono, Burkitts's lymphoma, birth defects, pneumonia, and Kaposi sarcoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What large, ether resistant virus causes smallpox, Orf, and Molluscum contagiousum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What medium, ether resistant virus causes respiratory infections, ocular infections, urinary infections, and gastroenteritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What small, ether sensitive virus causes Hepatitis B? |
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Definition
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Term
| What small, ether resistant virus causes warts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What small, ether resistant virus causes PML? |
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Definition
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Term
| What small, ether resistant virus causes Fifths disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you know the 14 RNA viruses? |
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Definition
| They aren't one of the 7 DNA viruses :-) |
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Term
| Most DNA viruses are double stranded, icosohedral, naked, and replicate in the nucleus except? |
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Definition
| Parvoviridae (single strand) and Poxviridae (complex, cytoplasm) |
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Term
| Which DNA viruses have envelopes? |
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Definition
| Herpes, Pox, and Hepadnavirus |
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Term
| Which DNA viruses lack envelopes? |
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Definition
| Adeno, polyoma, papilloma, and parvovirus |
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Term
| What are the 7 large, ether sensitive RNA viruses? |
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Definition
| Corona, rhabdo, paramyxo, orthomyxo, arena, filo, and bunyavirus |
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Term
| How many large ether resistant RNA viruses are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What large, ether sensitive RNA virus causes SARS and colds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What large, ether sensitive RNA virus causes Rabies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What large, ether sensitive RNA virus causes Measles, mumps, parainfluenza, and croup? |
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Definition
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Term
| What large, ether sensitive RNA virus causes influenza? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which medium, ether sensitive RNA virus causes Human T-cel leukemia and HIV-AIDS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which medium, ether resistant RNA virus causes gastroenteritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which small, ether sensitive RNA virus causes rubella, encephalitis, yellow fever, and Hepatitis C? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which small, ether resistant RNA virus causes gastroenteritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which small, ether resistant RNA virus causes pollomyelitis, common cold, aseptic meningitis, myo/pericarditis, rash disease, and Hepatitis A? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F most RNA viruses are single stranded, enveloped, have helical capsids, and replicate in the cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| Which RNA virus is double-stranded? |
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Definition
| the Reoviridae (rotaviridae) |
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Term
| Which RNA virus are not enveloped? |
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Definition
| Reo, noro, astro, and Picronaviruses |
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Term
| Which RNA viruses are icosahedral? |
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Definition
| Reo, Picrona, Toga, Flavi, Noro, and astro (only Toga and Flavi are not naked of icosahedral viruses) |
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|
Term
| Which two RNA virus replicate in the nucleus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F All helical RNA viruses are enveloped? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What causes viral diseases? |
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Definition
| The consequences of the way each virus solves the problems of reproduction, transmission, and host defense evasion |
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Term
| T/F you cannot predict consequences of viral infection? |
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Definition
| False - many are predictable |
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Term
| How are primary cell cultures generated? |
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Definition
| Remove animal organ, digest with trypsin, centrifuge, cut up, cell suspension, and monolayer celll growth |
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Term
| What grows from a primary culture? |
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Definition
| The cell strain - the cell(s) with longer life spans and can grow in the culture conditions |
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Term
| What grows from the cell strain? |
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Definition
| the cell line - are usually tumor cells that have activated proto-oncogenes and turned off suppressor genes |
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Term
| What are 3 properties of primary cultures? |
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Definition
| Many cell types, diploid, few cell divisions |
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|
Term
| List 3 properties of the Cell strain |
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Definition
| Single cell type, diploid, extended cell division |
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|
Term
| Name 3 properties of the cell line |
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Definition
| Single cell type, aneuploid, indefinite cell division |
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