Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Virginia CDL(Knowledge Test)
Knowledge Test
100
Driving Skills
Not Applicable
06/01/2013

Additional Driving Skills Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Who must have a CDL?
Definition
1. Operate a vehicle with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating GVWR more than 26,000lbs
2. Trailers with a GVWR more than 10,000lbs if the gross comb weight rating is more than 26,000lbs
3. More than 15 persons including driver
4. Vehicles with hazardous
Term
Can you have more than one license?
Definition
No. You can be fined up to $5,000 or put in jail FOR 90 days or both
Term
How long do you have to notify employer of conviction of a traffic violation?
Definition
30 days (except parking).
Term
How long do you have to notify your vehicle licensing agency of convictions in another jurisdiction?
Definition
30 days (except parking).
Term
How much driving history must you give your employer?
Definition
All driving jobs held for the past 10 years. Do this when you apply.
Term
What is the fine for driving without a CDL?
Definition
Up to $5,000 or jail
Term
How first-time offenses will cause the loss of CDL?
All one year
Definition
Driving a CMV under the influence
- Leaving the scene of an accident of your CMV
- Using your CMV to commit a felony
- Refusing sobriety test while driving CMV
- Causing death of other negligent or criminal operation of Commercial Motor Vehicle
- Driving a CMV while CDL is revoked, suspended, canceled or disqualified
- If offense occurs while driving placarded for hazard material it is 3 years
Term
When will you lose CDL for life?
Definition
Second offense
Using CMV to commit a felony involving controlled substances
Term
What offenses result in 60-day loss of CDL?
-
Definition
2 serious traffic violations or 1 violation of a law regulating rr crossing within a 3-year period involving a CMV
Term
What offenses result in a 120-day loss of CDL?
Definition
3 serious traffic violations or 2 violations at rr crossing within a 3-year period
Term
What results in 1-year loss of CDL?
Definition
3 violations of a law at rr crossing within a 3-year period
Term
What are considered serious traffic violations?
Definition
excessive speeding (+15mph), reckless driving, improper or erratic lane changes, following too closely, fatal traffic accidents, driving CMV without a CDL, driving CMV without CDL in possession.
Term
When is it illegal to drive a CMV?
Definition
When BAC Blood Alcohol Content is .04% or more. You lose CDL for one year on first offense, life on second. If less than .04% and detectable then out of service for 24 hours.
Term
How much tread depth is needed?
Definition
4/32" on front tires, 2/32" on other tires.
Term
Can radial and bias-ply tires be used together?
Definition
NO
Term
Can regrooved, recapped, or retreaded tires be used on the front wheels of a bus?
Definition
NO
Term
What are the signs of a damaged rim?
Definition
Rust around wheel nuts may mean looseness.
Missing clamps, spacers, studs, or lugs
Mismatched, bent, or cracked lock rings
Wheels or rims with welding reparis.
Term
What are the signs of bad brake drums or shoes?
Definition
Cracked drums
Shoes with grease or oil
Shoes worn thin, broken, missing
Term
What are the signs of a steering system defect?
Definition
Steering wheel play of more than 10 degrees.
Term
What are signs of suspension system defects?
Definition
Spring hangers, leaves, shock absorbers, torque rod or arm, u-bolts
Term
What are signs of exhaust system defects?
Definition
exhaust pipes, mufflers, tailpipes, vertical stacks,
Term
What is your responsibility if cargo contains hazardous materials?
Definition
Inspect for proper papers and placarding. Make sure cargo is balanced and secure.
Term
What are the seven steps in a pre-trip inspection?
Definition
1. Vehicle overview
2. Check engine compartment (parking brake on and wheels chocked)
3. Start engine and inspect inside cab
4. Turn off engine and check lights (parking brake on, turn off engine, take key)
5. Do walk-around inspection
6. Check signal lights
7. Start engine and check brake system
Term
How do you check hydraulic brakes?
Definition
Pump brake pedal 3x, then apply firm pressure to the pedal and hold for 5 secs. The pedal should not move. If it does there is a leak or problem that needs to be fixed.
Term
How often does an in trip check need to occur?
Definition
Within the first 25-miles of the trip and every 150 miles or every three hours (whichever comes first)
Term
How do I turn when backing with a trailer?
With a bus, car, or straight truck you turn the top of the wheel toward the direction you want to go.
With a trailer, you turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction.
Definition
With a bus, car, or straight truck you turn the top of the wheel toward the direction you want to go.
With a trailer, you turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction.
Term
How do you correct drift when backing?
Definition
When the trailer drifts, correct it by turning the top of the steering wheel in the direction of the drift.
Term
How do you shift up in a manual transmission?
Definition
Requires double clutching to change gears:
1. Release accelerator, push in clutch and shift to neutral
2. Release clutch
3. Let engine and gears slow down to rpm required for next gear
4. Push in clutch and shift to higher gear
5. Release clutch and push accelerator at same time
Term
When do you shift up?
Definition
1. Use engine speed (rpm)
2. Use road speed (mph)
Term
How do you shift down in a manual transmission?
Definition
1. Release accelerator, push in clutch and shift to neutral
2. Release clutch
3. Press accelerator, increase engine and gear speed to rpm required in lower gear
4. Push in clutch and shift to lower gear
5. Release clutch and press accelerator
Term
When should you downshift?
Definition
1. Before starting down a hill. Usually in a lower gear then needed to climb the hill.
2. Before entering a curve.
Term
What is a multi-speed rear axle and auxilliary transmission?
Definition
Used to provide extra gears. Usually controlled by a selector knob.
Term
What is a retarder?
Definition
It helps slow a vehicle reducing the need for using brakes. Many types (exhaust, engine, hydraulic, electric). When turned on they apply their braking power (to the drive wheels only) whenever you let up on the accelerator pedal all the way.
Term
When should you turn the retarder off?
Definition
When it is wet, icy, or snow because the drive wheels can have poor traction and the retarder may cause them to skid.
Term
How far ahead should you look down the road?
Definition
12-15 seconds. At low speeds that is a block, a 1/4 mile at highway.
Term
What should you do if driving slowly?.
Definition
Turn on emergency flashers if its legal
Term
How long do you have to put out emergency warning devices if stopped on the road?
Definition
10 minutes.
Term
Where do you place warnings if stopped on a two-lane road carrying traffic in both directions or on an undivided highway?
Definition
Within 10' of the front or rear corners to mark location, and 100' behind and ahead.
Term
Where do you place warnings if stopped beyond any hill, curve, or other obstruction that prevents seeing within 500'?
Definition
10' of the rear corner, 100' ahead, 100'-500' behind
Term
Where do you place warning if you stop on a one-way or divided highway?
Definition
Within 10', 100' and 200' toward the approaching traffic.
Term
What three things add up to total stopping distance?
Definition
Perception distance + Reaction distance + braking distance. At 55mph it takes 290 feet or 6 seconds.
Term
What is the effect of speed on stopping distance?
Definition
When you double your speed, it takes about 4x as much distance to stop and vehicle will have 4x the destructive power.
Term
What is the effect of weight on stopping distance?
Definition
The heavier the more work the brakes do, but heavy vehicles are designed to work best when fully loaded. Empty trucks require greater stopping distance b/c there is less traction. (not usually the case with buses though)
Term
What is traction?
Definition
Friction between the tires and the road.
Term
How much space should you keep in front of you?
Definition
One second for each 10' of vehicle length at speeds below 40mph. At greater speeds, add one second. (e.g. 40-ft vehicles needs 4 seconds under 40mph, and 5 seconds over 40mph)
Term
What is glare blindness?
Definition
Blinded by bright lights. 2 seconds of glare blindness at 55mph is more than half the distance of a football field.
Term
How far ahead can you see with low beams?
Definition
250'
Term
How far ahead can you see with high beams?
Definition
350'-500'
Term
How close must another vechicle be before you dim your brights?
Definition
500' of an oncoming and when you are following another.
Term
How often should you check the tires in hot weather?
Definition
Every two hours or 100-miles. Air pressure increases with temperature. Do not let air out or the tires will be low when they cool off. If the tire is hot to the touch, remain stopped until it cools off or it may blow out or catch fire.
Term
What purpose do escape ramps serve?
Definition
To stop runaway vehicles safely without injuring drivers and passengers.
Term
What is a hazard?
Definition
Any road condition or other road user (driver, bicyclist, pedestrian) that is a possible danger.
Term
What is a conflict?.
Definition
When you have to change speed and/or direction to avoid hitting someone. They usually occur at intersections, merges, lane changes, slow moving traffic, accident scenes
Term
What is a traffic emergency?
Definition
When two vehicles are about to collide
Term
What is a vehicle emergency?
Definition
When tires, brakes, or other critical parts fail.
Term
Is stopping ALWAYS the safest thing to in an emergency?
Definition
No. If you don't have room to stop then you need to steer to avoid it.
Term
How should you turn to avoid an emergency?
Definition
- do not apply the brakes
- be prepared to countersteer
- moving to the right is best, an empty lane
Term
What guidelines are important if you have to go off the road?
Definition
- avoid braking until speed has dropped to about 20mph
- Keep one set of wheels on the pavement if possible
- Stay on the shoulder until you come to a stop.
Term
How should I return to the road from the shoulder?
Definition
Turn sharply enough to get right back on the road safely, don't try to edge on gradually b/c the tires might grab and you can lose control. When both front tires are on the paved surface, countersteer immediately.
Term
What causes hydraulic brake failure?
Definition
1. loss of hydraulic pressure
2. brake fade on long hills
Term
What can you do in case of hydraulic brake failure?
Definition
If the system won't build up pressure, the brake pedal will feel spongy or go to the floor. Then:
1. downshift
2. pump the brakes because this will sometimes generate enough hydraulic pressure
3. use the parking brake. The parking brake is seperate from the hydraulic system. Be sure to press the release button at the same time so you can adjust the pressure.
Term
What are the major signs of tire failure?
Definition
1. Sound of a bang
2. Vibration (sign rear tire is out)
3. The steering wheel feels heavy (sign front tire is out)
Term
What are the four causes of skids?
Definition
1. Over-braking
2. Over-steering
3. Over-acceleration
4. Driving too fast
Term
What is over-braking?
Definition
Braking too hard and locking up the wheels. Can also occur with the speed retarder when the road is slippery.
Term
What are drive-wheel skids?
Definition
The most common type of skid where the rear wheels lose traction through excessive braking or acceleration.
Term
What happens in a rear-wheel skid?
Definition
The rear wheels lose traction and usually slide sideways in an attempt to "catch-up" to the front wheels. This can cause a "spin-out" or a jackknife with a trailer.
Term
How do you correct a rear-wheel skid?
Definition
1. Stop braking - let the wheels roll again. On ice, push in the clutch to let the wheels turn.
2. Turn quickly - Steer in the direction you want the vehicle to go down the road.
3. Countersteer - As it gets back on course it wants to keep turning. Turning the other way prevents that skid.
Term
Where is the best place to practice a rear-wheel skid?
Definition
A large driving range called a "skid-pad
Term
What causes front-wheel skids?
Definition
Driving too fast for conditions is most common. Others are:
- lack of tread on the front tires
- cargo loaded so not enough weight is on the front axle
Term
What happens in a front-wheel skid?
Definition
The front end tends to go in a straight line no matter how much you turn the steering wheel.
Term
How do you correct a front-wheel skid?
Definition
Let the vehicle slow down and stop turning and/or braking so hard.
Term
What are the basic steps to do in an accident?
Definition
1. Protect the area
2. Notify authorites
3. Care for the injured
Term
What is a B:C fire extinguisher?
Definition
Works on electrical fires and burning liquids
Term
What is an A:B:C fire extinguisher?
Definition
Also works on burning wood, paper, and cloth.
Term
What fire can water be used on?
Definition
Wood, paper or cloth, a burning tire
Term
What fire shouldn't you use water on?
Definition
Electrical (you could get shocked) and gasoline (spreads the flames)
Term
How do you extinguish the fire?
Definition
1. only do it if you know what you are doing
2. when using an extinguisher stay as far away as possible
3. Aim at the source or base of the fire
4. Position yourself upwind
Term
What drinks are comparable?
Definition
1. a 12-oz glass of 5% beer
2. a 5-oz glass of 12% wine
3. a 1.5oz. shot of 80 proof liquor
Term
What determines Blood Alcohol Content ?BAC
Definition
The amount you drink, how fast you drink, and your weight
Term
How many hazard classes are there?
Definition
Nine.
Term
What is the purpose of the transportation rules for hazardouse materials?
Definition
1. to contain the product
2. to communicate the risk
3. to ensure safe drivers and equipment
Term
How do you communicate the risk of hazardous materials?
Definition
1. a shipping paper that describes the materials (e.g. shipping orders, bills of lading, manifests).
2. Putting the diamond label on the container or a tag if it won't fit on the container.
3. Putting a tab on the shipping papers or keeping them on top of other papers in case of an accident.
Term
Where must shipping papers be kept?
Definition
Either:
1. in a pouch on the driver's door
2. In a clear view within reach while driving
3. On the driver's seat when out of the vehicle
Term
What are the rules for placards?
Definition
There must be four identical placards put on front, rear, and both sides.
10/75" square, turned upright on a point, in a diamond shape.
Term
Do all vehicles carrying hazardous materials needs placards?
Definition
No. You can drive a vehicle that carries hazardous materials if it does not require placards. If it requires placards then you must not drive it unless you have an endorsement.
Term
What part of the cargo is the driver responsible for?
Definition
1. inspecting the cargo
2. recognizing overloads and poorly balanced weight
3. knowing if your cargo is properly secured
Term
How often should you inspect your cargo?
Definition
- within 25 miles after starting a trip.
- every 3hours/150 miles
- after every break
Term
Define Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)
Definition
The total weight of a single vehicle + load
Term
Define Gross Combination Weight (GCW)
Definition
The total weight of a powered unit + trailers + cargo
Term
Define Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
Definition
The max GVW supplied by the manufacturer for a specific combination of vehicles + its load
Term
Define Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR)
Definition
The max GCW specified by the manufacturer
Term
Define Axle weight
Definition
The weight transmitted to the ground by one axle or one set of axles
Term
Define tire load
Definition
The max safe weight a tire can carry at a specified pressure. Stated on the side of each tire.
Term
Define coupling device capacity
Definition
Rated for the max weight they can pull or carry
Term
What is a bridge formula?
Definition
Permits less maximum axle weight for axles that are closer together. This prevents overloading bridges and roadways.
Term
What is blocking?
Definition
Used in the front, back, and/or sides of a piece of cargo to keep it from sliding. Shaped to fit snugly against the cargo.
Term
What is bracing?
Definition
Used to prevent movement of cargo. Goes from the upper part of the cargo to the floor and/or walls of the cargo compartment.
Term
What are the rules for cargo tiedowns?
Definition
- Combined strength must be strong enough to lift one and one half times the weight of the piece of cargo tied down.
- There should be at least one tiedown for each 10' of cargo.
- No matter how small the cargo it should have at least two tiedowns holding it.
Term
What are special forms of cargo requiring attention?
Definition
1. Dry bulk - often have a high center of gravity and can shift.
2. Hanging meat - high center of gravity
3. Livestock - with less of a full load use false bulkheads to keep livestock bunched together.
4. Oversized loads - special transit permits, limited to certain times, special equipment.
Term
What is unsafe coasting?
Definition
When approaching a turn you take your vehicle out of gear clutch depressed or gearshift in neutral for more than the length of the vehicle.
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