Name the five fundamental Principles of constitutional government (hint: DCLRR)

CE 2a

Democracy, consent of the governed, limited gov't., representative gov't, rule of law

CE 2a

Explain the political principle of American Constitutional Government listed below:  

 Limited Government 

CE 2a

Government is not all powerful and may do only those things people have given it the power to do.

CE 2a

Explain the political principle of American Constitutional Government listed below:  

 rule of law

CE 2a

The government and those who govern are bound by the law      

CE 2a

Explain the political principle of American Constitutional Government listed below:  

 Democracy

CE 2a

In a democratic system of government, the people rule.

CE 2a

Explain the political principle of American Constitutional Government listed below:   

 Representative Government

CE 2a

In a representative system of government people elect public officeholders to make laws and conduct government on their behalf.

CE 2a

What earlier documents is our Government founded? 

CE 2b 

American Constitutional government is founded on information found in earlier historical documents: 

Charters of the Virginia Company of London

CE 2b

Explained :

rights of Englishmen that were guaranteed to the colonists

CE 2b

American Constitutional government is founded on information found in earlier historical documents:

The Virginia Declaration of Rights

CE 2b

Served as a model (example) for the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of the United States of America

CE 2b

American Constitutional government is founded on information found in earlier historical documents:

Declaration of Independence (4 principles: SDAE)

CE 2b

1. Stated grievances against the King of England (Great Britain)
2. Declared the colonies's independence from Great Britain
3. Affirmed "certain unalienable rights" (life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness)
4. Established the idea that all people are equal under the law                       

   CE 2b

American Constitutional government is founded on information found in earlier historical documents:

Articles of Confederation (3 facts) EMW

CE 2b

1. Established the first form of national government
2. Maintained that major powers resided with individual states
3. Weak: no power to tax and enforce laws) led to the writing of the present constitution  

   CE 2b

What are the purposes identified in the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America?

CE 2c

The Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America begins, “We the People,” thereby establishing that the power of government comes from the people

CE 2c

What are the purposes identified in the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America?

CE 2c

Purposes of United States government

·      To form a more perfect union

·      To establish justice

·      To ensure domestic tranquility

·      To provide for the common defense

·      To promote the general welfare

·      To secure the blessings of liberty

CE2c

What are the purposes identified in the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America?

CE 2c

The Preamble of a constitution sets forth the goals and purposes to be served by the government.

CE 2c

What are the purposes identified in the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America?

CE 2c

The Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America expresses the reasons the constitution was written.

CE 2c

   How can the Constitution of Virginia be amended? 

CE 2D

    Proposal: action by General Assembly or convention

Ratification: by voters of Virginia

CE 2D

 How can the Constitution of the United States be amended?

CE 2d

  Amendment process:

–    Proposal: action by Congress or convention

–    Ratification: by the states

·      The amendment process is complex.

·      To date, there are 27 amendments to the Constitution of the United States.  CE2d

HOW MANY AMENDMENTS ARE THERE IN U.S. CONSTITUTION?

CE 2D

27

CE 2D

How can the Constitution of Virginia be amended?

CE 2d

Constitution of Virginia

·      Amendment process:

–    Proposal: action by General Assembly or convention

Ratification: by voters of Virginia

The Virginia constitution has been rewritten several times.

CE 2d

 HAS THE VIRGINIA CONSTITUTION EVER BEEN REWRITTEN?

CE 2D

 The Virginia constitution has been rewritten several times. 

CE 2D

HOW IS THE VIRGINIA CONSTITUTION AND THE NATIONAL CONSTITUTION ALIKE?

CE 2D

The constitutions of Virginia and the United States can be amended through processes outlined in the constitutions.

 CE 2D

WHAT IS A CITIZEN?

CE 3 A

A citizen is an individual with certain rights and duties under a government and who, by birth or by choice, owes allegiance to that government.

CE 3A

How does an individual become a citizen? 

CE 3A

 ·      By birth

·      By naturalization

CE 3A

WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF NATURALIZATION FOR CITIZENSHIP? 

CE 3A

To become a citizen through naturalization, a person must demonstrate knowledge of American history and principles and the ability to read, speak, and write words in ordinary usage in the English language.

CE 3A

  HOW HAS IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION IMPACTED THE UNITED STATES? 

CE 3A

 Immigration and naturalization, particularly in the twentieth century, have led to an increasingly diverse society.

CE 3A.

 What establishes and protects the citizens’ fundamental rights and liberties?

CE 3B

The Constitution of the United States of America 

CE 3B

What fundamental rights and liberties are guaranteed in the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America?

 CE 3B

·      Religion

·      Speech

·      Press

·      Assembly

·      Petition:

Fourteenth Amendment

Extends the due process protection to actions of the states  CE 3B

 Few rights, if any, are considered absolute, give an example.

CE 3B

1. yelling fire in a building where there is no fire

2. saying something untrue about another person

3. writing something untrue about another person

CE 3B

 WHAT CAN HAPPEN TO CITIZENS WHO DO NOT CHOOSE TO FULFILL THESE CIVIC DUTIES? 

CE 3C

 Citizens who choose not to fulfill these civic duties face legal consequences.

CE 3C

 TRUE OR FALSE:

FOR GOVERNMENT TO BE EFFECTIVE, CITIZENS MUST FULFILL THEIR CIVIC DUTIES

CE 3C

 TRUE 

CE 3C

What are the ways individuals demonstrate responsible citizenship?

CE 3D

·      Register and vote

·      Hold elective office

·      Communicate with government officials to influence government actions

·      Serve in voluntary, appointed government positions

·      Participate in political campaigns.

·      Keep informed regarding current issues

Respect others’ right to an equal voice in government

CE 3D

TRUE OR FALSE: 

A basic responsibility of citizenship is to contribute to the common good.

CE 3D

TRUE  

CE 3D

 In what ways do citizens participate in community service?

CE 3E

1.  Volunteer to support democratic institutions (e.g., League of Women Voters).
2. Express concern about the welfare of the community as a whole (e.g., as related to environment, public health and safety, education).
3. Help to make the community a good place to work and live (e.g., by becoming involved with public service organizations, tutoring, volunteering in nursing homes).
4. CE 3E

 What civic duties are expected of all citizens?

CE 3C

      Obey laws

·      Pay taxes

·      Serve in the armed forces, if called

·      Serve on a jury or as a witness in court, when summoned

CE 3C

 What roles do political parties play in the American political process?

CE 5A

·      Recruiting and nominating candidates

·      Educating the electorate about campaign issues

·      Helping candidates win elections

• Monitoring actions of officeholders

CE 5A

TRUE OR FALSE: 

Political parties play a key role in government and provide opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process. 

CE 5A

 TRUE 

CE 5A

 How are the two major political parties similar? 

CE 5B

   Organize to win elections

·      Influence public policies

·      Reflect both liberal and conservative views

·      Define themselves in a way that wins majority support by appealing to the political center 

CE 5B

 How are the two major political parties different? 

CE 5B

  Stated in party platforms and reflected in campaigning

CE 5B

 How do third parties differ from the two major parties?

CE 5B

1.  Introduce new ideas and/or press for a particular issue
2. Often revolve around a political personality (e.g., Theodore Roosevelt, Sarah Palin)
3. CE 5B

 TRUE OR FALSE:  

A three-party system characterizes the American political process.

CE 5B

 FALSE

 A TWO PARTY SYSTEM CHARACTERIZES THE AMERICAN POLITICAL PROCESS CE 5b

 TRUE OR FALSE: 

Although third parties rarely win elections, they can play an important role in public politics.

CE 5B

 TRUE

CE 5B

  How do citizens make informed choices in elections?

(Strategies for evaluating campaign speeches, literature, and advertisements for accuracy)  

CE 5C

 Separating fact from opinion

·      Detecting bias

·      Evaluating sources

·      Identifying propaganda  CE 5c

 How does the media play a role in the political process?

CE 5C

·      Identifying candidates

·      Emphasizing selected issues

·      Writing editorials, creating political cartoons, publishing op-ed pieces

Broadcasting different points of view 

CE 5C

TRUE OR FALSE: 

Voters evaluate information presented in political campaigns to make reasoned choices among candidates.

CE 5C

 TRUE 

CE 5C

 TRUE OR FALSE 

The media play are not very important  in the overall political process.

 CE 5C

 FALSE 

CE 5C

 TRUE OR FALSE: 

RUNNING FOR POLITICAL OFFICE IS EXPENSIVE

CE 5D

TRUE 

CE 5D

 What are the qualifications for voter registration in Virginia?

CE 5E

Citizen of the United States

·      Resident of Virginia and precinct

·      At least 18 years of age by day of general election

CE 5E

How do you register to vote in Virginia?

 CE 5E

1. in person at city's the registrar’s office,
2. in person at the Division of Motor Vehicles,
3. or at other sites designated by the city
4.  By mail-in application                                            CE 5E

 WHEN DOES VOTER REGISTRATION CLOSE? 

CE 5E

 Voter registration is closed 22 days before elections. 

CE 5E

 What factors influence voter registration and turnout?

CE 5E

Education, Age, Income

CE 5E

What reasons are there why citizens fail to vote?

CE 5E

 Lack of interest

Failure to register

CE 5E

 WHICH IS GREATER?

THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO VOTE IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OR THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO VOTE IN A STATE OR LOCAL ELECTION?

CE 5E

 The percentage of voters who participate in presidential elections is usually greater than the percentage of voters who participate in state and local elections.

Every vote is important.

CE 5E

TRUE OR FALSE: 

Voting is a basic responsibility of citizenship.

CE 5E

 TRUE

CE 5E

TRUE OR FALSE: 

Voter registration is not required before a citizen may vote.

CE 5E

 FALSE

CE 5E

TRUE OR FALSE:

 The number of citizens who register and vote is related to how important election issues are to citizens.

CE 5E

 TRUE

CE 5E

How does the Electoral College select the president and vice president of the United States?

CE 5F

1. A slate of electors for each state is chosen by popular vote.
2. Most states have a winner-take-all system.
3. The electors meet to vote for president and vice president.

CE 5F

 HOW DOES THE "WINNER TAKE ALL" SYSTEM EFFECT THE CAMPAIGNS? 

CE  5F

The winner-take-all system leads to political campaigns targeting of densely populated states for campaigning, although candidates must pay attention to less populated states whose electoral votes may make the difference in tight elections.

CE 5F

HOW ARE THE NUMBER OF ELECTORS EACH STATE HAS DETERMINED?

CE 5F

 The number of electors of each state is based on the size of the state’s Congressional representation, which is based on the state’s population.

CE 5F

 HOW DOES THE REQUIREMENT FOR A MAJORITY VOTE TO WIN IN THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE EFFECT A THIRD PARTY?

CE 5F

 The requirement for a majority vote to win in the Electoral College favors a two-party system by making it almost impossible for a third party to obtain enough electoral votes.

CE 5F

 WHO ELECTS THE PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES?

CE 5F

The Electoral College process is used to select the president and vice president of the United States.

CE 5F

  Powers of the National Government 

SOL CE 6a

 Conducts foreign policy and regulates commerce

SOL CE 6a

 National Legislative Powers

SOL CE 6a

1.  Makes the laws of the nation
2. Approves the annual budget
3.  Confirms presidential appointments
4. Raises revenue through taxes and other levies
5. Regulates interstate and foreign trade
6. Declares war                                       SOL CE 6a

 WHAT IS THE NAME GIVEN TO OUR NATIONAL LEGISLATURE?

CE 6A

  Congress

CE 6A

 WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE TWO HOUSES OF THE NATIONAL BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE?

CE 6A

 Consists of the Congress, a bicameral legislature

-House of Representatives (435 members, based upon populations of the states)

-Senate (100 members—two per state)

CE 6A

 WHO HEADS THE NATIONAL EXECUTIVE BRANCH?

CE 6A

 Headed by the president of the United States, the chief executive officer of the nation 

CE 6A

National Executive Branch/Powers :  

SOL CE 6A

1. Executes laws of the land,
2. prepares annual budget for congressional action
3. appoints cabinet officers, ambassadors, and federal judges
4. administers federal bureaucracy             CE 6A

National Judicial Duties/Powers

SOL CE 6A

•  Consists of the federal courts, including the Supreme Court, the highest court in the land
• The Supreme Court exercises the power of judicial review.
• The federal courts try cases involving federal law and questions involving interpretation of the Constitution of the United States.     SOL CE 6A

 What is the system of checks and balances?

 SOL CE 6B

Gives each of the three branches ways to limit the powers of the other branches

SOL CE 6B

Judicial checks on the legislative branch:

SOL CE 6B

Declares laws unconstitutional 

SOL CE 6B

Judicial checks on the executive branch: 

SOL CE 6B

Declares Executive actions unconstitutional 

SOL CE 6B

Legislative checks over the executive branch: 

SOL CE 6B

Overrides vetoes

Impeaches a president

SOL CE 6B

Executive checks on the judicial branch: 

SOL CE 6B

Appoints federal judges

SOL CE 6B

Executive checks on the legislative branch:

SOL CE 6B

–    proposes legislation

–    prepares an annual budget for Congress to approve

–    call special sessions of Congress

–    vetoes legislation Congress has passed. 

SOL CE 6B

Legislative checks of the judicial branch:

SOL CE 6B

• confirm or refuse to confirm federal judges/justices

• impeach and convict judges/justices CE 6B

What is meant by "expressed powers"?

SOL CE 6c

Expressed: Specifically listed in the Constitution of the United States

Examples:

To tax

To pay debts

To provide for the common defense and welfare 

SOL CE 6c

What is meant by "Implied powers"? 

SOL CE 6c

·      Implied: Used to carry out expressed powers

Examples:

To draft troops

The creation of the Internal Revenue Service T

he Federal Reserve (borrow money)

SOL CE 6c

Ways the executive branch influences policymaking 

SOL CE 6d

·      Proposing legislation in an annual speech to Congress (State of the Union Address)

·      Appealing directly to the people

·      Approving or vetoing legislation

·      Appointing officials who carry out the laws

SOL CE 6d

Bicameral

SOL CE 7a

Having two houses

Examples: 

National/Congress :Senate and House of Representatives

State/General Virginia Assembly : Senate and House of Delegates 

SOL CE 7a

State Judicial duties/Powers

SOL CE 7A

The judicial power is exercised by a court system that consists of four levels of courts:

 Supreme Court

Court of appeals

 Circuit courts

District courts (including small claims courts and juvenile and domestic relations courts)

SOL CE 7A

Powers of State Government

SOL CE 7a

 Promotes public health, safety and welfare 

SOL CE 7a

 Federalism

SOL CE 7b

 The division of power between the states and federal government 

SOL CE 7b

 Separation of Powers  

SOL CE 7b

 The division of a government into three branches

SOL CE 7b

What is the primary responsibilities of each level of government? 

SOL CE 7c

Primary responsibilities of each level of government

·      National: Conducts foreign policy, regulates commerce, and provides for the common defense

·      State: Promotes public health, safety, and welfare

SOL CE 7c

 Local Legislative Powers

SOL CE 8a

 Makes ordinances for community, approves annual budget, power limited by state government

SOL CE 8a

 Local Executive Branch

SOL CE 8A

 A mayor is elected either by the voters or the city council members.

A manager may be hired by the elected legislative branch to oversee the operations of the local government

SOL CE 8A

Local Judicial duties/powers 

SOL CE 8a

Judges of the circuit courts, district courts, juvenile and domestic relations courts, and small claims courts hear cases in each locality. 

SOL CE 8a

Public Policy 

SOL CE 9a

 Government's response to public issues 

SOL CE 9a

Ways the media plays an important role in setting the public agenda 

CE 9a

• Focusing public attention on selected issues
• Offering a forum in which opposing viewpoints are communicated
• Holding government officials accountable to the public

SOL CE 9a

  Public Opinion

SOL CE 9a

 Views from the people which may or may not be based on facts

SOL CE 9a

Interest Group 

SOL CE 9b

People who work together for similar interests or goals

Example: The automobile industry

SOL CE 9b

Ways interest groups influence public policy

CE 9B

Identifying issues 

Making Political Contributions

Lobbying government officials              CE 9B

Ways individuals influence public policy 

SOL CE 9B

Participating in Politics

Expressing Opinions

Joining interest groups

Identifying Issues

SOL CE 9B

Jurisdiction

SOL CE 10A

The area of the law that the court is allowed to hear cases 

Example: Appellate-appeals of previous decisions

Original: First time a court hears/decides on a case

SOL CE 10A

Appellate Jurisdiction

SOL CE 10a

When a higher court is allowed to review a decision given by a lower court  

SOL CE 10a

Appellate

SOL CE 10a

A court’s authority to hear/review a decision by a lower court

SOL CE 10a

Judicial Review

SOL CE 10b

The supreme courts of the United States and Virginia determine the constitutionality of laws and acts of the executive branch of government

SOL CE 10b

Felony

SOL CE 10c

A crime where punishment is more than one year and a fine, or both , a serious crime against a person, the government, or property

SOL CE 10c

Misdemeanor

SOL CE 10c

A crime where a punishment is less than one year and a fine, or both, a minor crime 

SOL CE 10c

Civil Law

SOL CE 10c

·      In a civil case, a court settles a disagreement between two parties to recover damages or receive compensation.

SOL CE 10c

Criminal Law

SOL CE 10c

Behavior that is harmful to society; how people should be tried and punished

·      In a criminal case, a court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony.

SOL CE 10c

Probable Cause

SOL CE 10c

A good reason to believe that a suspect has been involved in a crime

SOL CE 10c

Arraignment

SOL CE 10c

arraignment: 

 where probable cause is reviewed, an attorney may be appointed for the defendant, and a plea is entered

SOL CE 10c

Bail SOL

CE 10c

The payment of money by the defendant to assure that he/she will appear in court after they have been charged with a crime

SOL CE 10c

Plaintiff

SOL CE 10c

An individual who files a formal complaint about a crime or civil offense that has been committed against them

SOL CE 10c

Defendant

SOL CE 10c

A person who is charged with committing the crime or civil offense

SOL CE 10c

Due Process of Law

SOL CE 10d

The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws

(14th amendment)

SOL CE 10d

Scarcity

CE 11A

The inability to satisfy all wants at the same time. All recourses and good are limited. This requires that choices by made.

CE 11A

Resources

CE 11A

Factors of production that are used in the production of goods and services. Types of resources are HUMAN, CAPITAL, and ENTREPRENEURSHIP.

CE 11A

Economic Choice

CE 11A

Selecting an item or action from a set of possible alternatives. Individuals must choose/make decisions about desired goods and services because these goods and services are limited.

CE 11A

Opportunity Cost

CE 11B

What is given up when a choice has been made. The Highest valued alternative forgone. Individuals must consider the value of what is given up when making a choice

CE 11B

Price

CE 11B

The amount of money exchanged for a good or service. Interaction of supply and demand determines price. Price determines who acquires goods and services.

CE 11B

Incentives

CE 11B

Things that incite or motivate. Incentives are used to change economic behavior.

CE 11B

Demand

SOL CE 11B

Supply

SOL CE 11B

The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price.

SOL CE 11B

WHAT DOES THE INTERACTION OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND DETERMINE?

CE 11A

Interaction of supply and demand determines price

CE 11A

Production

SOL CE11b

The combining of human, capital, and entrepreneurship resources to make goods and provide services. Resources available and consumer preferences determine what is produced.

SOL CE11b

Consumption

SOL CE11b

Using goods and services. Consumer preferences and price determine what is purchased.

SOL CE11b

What are the basic economic questions all societies must answer?

CE 11B

1. What will be produced?
2. Who will produce it?  
3. For whom will it be produced? 

Each type of economy answers the three basic questions differently.

CE 11B

Proprietorship

SOL CE12a

A form of business organization that is authorized by law to act as a legal person regardless of the number of owners. Owners share the profits and owner liability is limited to investment amount.

SOL CE12a

Partnership

SOL CE12a

A form of business organization with two or more owners who share the risks and the profits

SOL CE12a

Corporation

SOL CE12a

A form of business organization that is authorized by law to act as a legal person regardless of the number of owners. Owners share the profits and owner liability is limited to investment amount.

SOL CE12a

Entrepreneur

SOL CE12a

A person who takes a risk to produce goods and services in search of profit. They may establish a business according to any of the three types of organizational structures

SOL CE12a

Interest

SOL CE12c

Payment for the use of capital

SOL CE12c

Savings and Loan

SOL CE12c

Accepts deposits and lends money primarily for the purchase of homes and land

SOL CE12c

Credit Union

SOL CE12c

Non-profit bank that serves only its members

SOL CE12c

Global Economy

SOL CE12d

Worldwide markets in which the buying and selling of goods and services by all nations takes place

SOL CE12d

Ways the government promotes market place competition

SOL CE13a

Enforcing antitrust legislation to discourage the development of monopolies Engaging in global trade Supporting business start-ups

SOL CE13a

Government agencies that regulate business

SOL CE13a

FCC ~ Federal Trade Communications Commission

EPA ~ Environmental Protection Agency

FTC ~ Federal Trade Commission 

SOL CE13a

Characteristics of public goods and services

SOL CE13b

1. Includes items such as highways, interstates, postal services and national defense
2. Provides benefits to many simultaneously
3. Would not be available if individuals had to provide them

SOL CE13b