Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What time did they eat their first meal? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did they eat their 2nd meal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein items did they eat? |
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Definition
| Beef, mutton, lamb, goat and pork, and horse meat but considered unchristian. |
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Term
| What was the most important livestock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name of the room for animals on a farm? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many animals could a byre hold? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what were half the cattle slaughtered by? |
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Definition
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Term
| At 4-5 years old, what happened to the oxen? |
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Definition
| They were walked down the peninsula about two weeks' distance and sold, then re-fattened for 3 weeks on hte marshes before they were slaughtered. |
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Term
| Why was meat a seasonal product? |
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Definition
| Slaughtering was mainly done at the end of the grazing season. |
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Term
| What decision did farmers have to make before winter? |
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Definition
| They had to assess their hay supply to see how many animals could be overwintered. |
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Term
| What was valued more highly - meat or dairy? |
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Definition
| Dairy was valued highly and meat wasn't. |
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Term
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Definition
| meat (they were sent into the forest to graze on mast like fallen nuts) |
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Term
| What was a way of recycling food? |
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Definition
| Feeding pigs food scraps and then using the pigs as meat. |
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Term
| Who were pigs valuable food animals to? |
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Definition
| Town dwellers nad those in dense settlements |
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Term
| What was the major source of food and principal occupation of those living in Iceland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What replaced large herds of cattle farming when the climate made them difficult to maintain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What poultry items were consumed? |
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Definition
| Chicken, geese, duck, and hen (for for meat and eggs) |
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Term
| What types of preservation were there? |
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Definition
| Drying, smoking, salting, fermentation, pickling in whey, and freezing. |
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Term
| What was the most common method of preservation? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long did drying preserve meat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were some odd foods they ate? |
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Definition
| sour herring and fermented shark |
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Term
| What's the process for fermenting meat? |
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Definition
| the unopened animal was covered, often in a pit, and left to ferment in the absence of air and sometimes utilizing salt. |
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Term
| What were the preferred methods of preservation in the northern parts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where was salt preservation done? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did they hunt and gather? |
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Definition
| yes, but low in comparison to domestic sources |
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Term
| What were the most important animals hunted for? |
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Definition
| deer, elk, reindeer and hare |
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Term
| What animal was most hunted for its fur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What wild poultry did they eat? |
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Definition
| golden plover, grey plover, black grouse, wood pigeon, lapwing, and wild goose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hazelnuts were hte only native nut, but they imported walnuts and almonds and chestnuts. |
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Term
| What percent of the calories in coastal norwegians were from fish? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cod, coalfish, salmon, shrimp, herring, haddock, flat-fish, ling, horse mackerel, smelt, saithe, roach, rudd, bream, perch and pike, oysters, cockles, mussels, winkles, eels, scallops. |
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Term
| How were fish usually preserved? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What parts of a whale were used? |
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Definition
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Term
| Were porpoises and seals hunted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the most important seal product? |
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Definition
| blubber, eaten in place of butter or used for frying |
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Term
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Definition
| no, it was eaten by peasants, when other meat was scarce |
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Term
| Did they eat sea birds and their eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did they eat sea birds and their eggs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fruits did they eat? |
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Definition
| sloes, plums, apples, blackberries, bilberries, and raspberries, elderberries, hawthorn berries, cherries, sour cherries, bullaces, cloudberries, strawberries, crabapple, rose hips, and rowan berries. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What vegetables did they eat? |
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Definition
| carrots, parsnips, urnips, celery, spinach, wild celery, cabbage, radishes, fava beans, peas, and beets, angelica, mushrooms, leeks, onions, and edible seweeds. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How were vegetables preserved? |
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Definition
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Term
| What seeds were used to produce oils? |
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Definition
| linseed, hempseed, and rapeseed |
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Term
| What was the primary source of dairy? |
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Definition
| cows, but goat's milk was also used |
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Term
| Was milk usually consumed? |
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Definition
| no, but it was used to create other dairy foods stored for winter consumption |
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Term
| What dairy products did they use milk to make? |
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Definition
| butter, buttermilk, whey, skyr, curds, and cheese |
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Term
| What dairy products did they use milk to make? |
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Definition
| butter, buttermilk, whey, skyr, curds, and cheese |
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Term
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Definition
| a beverage or a preservative to pickle meats and fish. |
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Term
| How is whey used as a preservative? |
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Definition
| the lactic acid slows or halts bacterial growth, allowing food to be stored longer just as pickling in vinegar (acetic acid) does |
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Term
| What was the most commonly grown cereal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| barley, rye, oats, rice, what, millet, and buckwheat |
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Term
| What crop rotation system was used? |
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Definition
| a three-field system, 1st yr. rye, 2nd barley, 3rd left fallow |
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Term
| What was barley used for? |
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Definition
| flat bread, porridge, beer, ale |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small, thin, and biscuit-like, with holes in hte center, made from at least two cereals, one being barley |
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Term
| What kind of herbs and spices did they use? |
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Definition
| dill, coriander, and hops, pooppyseed, black mustard, and fennel, lovage, parsleyu, mint, thyme, marjoram, wild caraway, juniper berries, and garlic |
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Term
| What beverages did they have? |
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Definition
| lots of alcoholic drinks, mead, milk, buttermilk, whey, and plain water |
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Term
| What were there 3 major holidays? |
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Definition
| all saints, christmas, and midsummer |
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Term
| What were there shoes made of? |
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Definition
| a single piece of thin leather (pig, deer, sheep, goat, horse, ox, or calfskin) and a decorative tongue |
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Term
| what was hte thread of their shoes made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were many textiles made of? |
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Definition
| worsted wool in twill patterns |
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Term
| What two types of leg coverings did they have? |
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Definition
| a wide, knee-length, baggy type and a narrow, full-length, more fitted type. |
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Term
| What two purposes did marriage serve? |
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Definition
| controlled sexual reproduction and formed socioeconomic alliances between social groups |
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Term
| What is expected of the ideal woman? |
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Definition
| to be chaste before marriage and faithful within |
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Term
| Why was a it important for a woman's chastisty? |
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Definition
| an unwed maiden was a marketable commodity who could be used to bring her family wealth via her bride-price and to help form favorable alliance with other families when she was wed |
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Term
| Why was a it important for a woman's chastisty? |
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Definition
| an unwed maiden was a marketable commodity who could be used to bring her family wealth via her bride-price and to help form favorable alliance with other families when she was wed, and more importantly and illegitimate child could mean financial hardship for a woman's family |
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Term
| Why was a it important for a woman's chastisty? |
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Definition
| an unwed maiden was a marketable commodity who could be used to bring her family wealth via her bride-price and to help form favorable alliance with other families when she was wed, and more importantly and illegitimate child could mean financial hardship for a woman's family |
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Term
| When was it proper for a woman to not accept her inheritance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What penalty was there for a man sleeping with a woman not his wife? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many wives would they have? |
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Definition
| According to their means, two or three or more wives at the same time |
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Term
| Why were concubines tolerated by a man's wife? |
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Definition
| they could never get married to him, so they weren't a threat to the wife |
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Term
| Why was love insignificant in choosing a mate? |
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Definition
| Families arranged hte wedding and considered the bride-price, dowry, and political maneuvers |
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Term
| Was it required for a woman to consent to a marriage? |
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Definition
| no, but it was a good idea, because when they don't disaster follows |
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Term
| Could a woman ask for a divorce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did widows have arranged marriages? |
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Definition
| No, they were free to choose their own mate. |
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Term
| Where did fathers bring their daughters to find a mate? |
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Definition
| The Thing where the daughters performed their housekeeping and cooking at his booth for his comfort and to show off wifely skills to prospective suitors |
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Term
| What day did they have weddings on? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long was the wedding celebration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What time of the year did most wedding occur at? |
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Definition
| the end of summer and early winter |
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Term
| Where were the wedding ceremonies held? |
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Definition
| family temples or outside at a sacred grove |
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Term
| What was the first part of hte religious ritual of a wedding for? |
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Definition
| to summon hte attention of hte gods and goddesses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who usually initiated the divorce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did htey bathe in the summer? |
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Definition
| lakes, streams, or bath-houses |
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Term
| Where did they bathe in the winter? |
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Definition
| a heated bath-house or hot springs |
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Term
| Was it normal for to keep oneself clean? |
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Definition
| yes, they washed hteir hands nad hair regularly |
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Term
| What were the two types of combs? |
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Definition
| Single-piece and composite |
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Term
| What were the two sides of a double-sided comb like? |
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Definition
| the finer side was for pest control and the coarser side was for tangles |
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Term
| What did they use to clean their ears? |
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Definition
| earspoons made of bone, ivory, silver and other metals |
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Term
| What other grooming tools did they have? |
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Definition
| tweezers and razors, tweezers for plucking eyebrows and razor blades for shaving |
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Term
| What was the male hairstyle like? |
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Definition
| they had a wide variety of hairstyles |
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Term
| What males had short hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the average male hair length? |
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Definition
| collar or shoulder length |
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Term
| How long were there beards? |
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Definition
| as long as comfortable for him |
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Term
| What color did males bleach their hair and beards? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did they use to bleach their hari? |
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Definition
| a soft strongly basic soap with excess lye that provided a good bleaching |
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Term
| Who were more likely to bleach their hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who's hairstyles were more limited? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did unmarried girls wear their hair? |
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Definition
| long and loose, or confined in a circlet on formal occassions |
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