Term
| the normal human response to TRAUMA follows a similar pattern called the blank blank. it occurs in all of us |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the physical response to TRAUMA is based on our animal instinct. it includes blank blank, blank, and blank: "blank" |
|
Definition
| physical shock, disorientation, and numbness: "frozen fright" |
|
|
Term
| "fight or flight" reation |
|
Definition
-adrenaline begins to pump through body
-body may relieve itself of excess materials, like ingested food
-physical senses, one or more, may become very acute while others "shut down"
-heart rate increases
-hyperventilation, sweating, etc |
|
|
Term
| physical arousal associated with fight or flight cannot be prolonged indefinitely. eventually... |
|
Definition
| it will result in exhaustion. |
|
|
Term
| the mind's response paralles the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stage one: shock, disbelief, and denial |
|
Definition
| "denial" in this sense means truly believing something did not happen, or that it was not as "bad"as it actually was. this is a psychological defense mechanism that kicks in to protect a person from the full impact of what has happened. |
|
|
Term
| stage two: cataclysm of emotions |
|
Definition
| Anger/RAGE, fear/TERROR, grief/SORROW, confusion/FRUSTRATION, guilt/SELFBLAME, and violation/VULNERABILITY |
|
|
Term
| stage three: reconstruction of equilibrium |
|
Definition
| emotional roller coaster that eventually becomes balanced |
|
|
Term
| the range of the crisis reaction |
|
Definition
shock
depression and loneliness
panichostility and resentment
hope
emotion
physical symptoms of distress
guilt
inability to resume normal activities
affirming reality |
|
|
Term
| trauma is accompanied by a multitude of losses |
|
Definition
control over ones life
sense of fairness of or justice
a sense of immortality and invulnerability
trust in god or in other people
personally significant property, self, or loved ones
future |
|
|
Term
| because of the losses, trauma response involves blank and blank |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trauma can be so overwhelming that it causes a person to revert or |
|
Definition
| "regress" to childhoodmentally and physically |
|
|
Term
| individuals may feel very childlike for example |
|
Definition
feeling very little
wanting mommy or daddy
feeling very weak
feeling like you did when you were a child and something went terribly wrong |
|
|
Term
| individuals may do things that seem very childish later, for example |
|
Definition
singing nursery rhymes
assuming a fetal position or crawling instead of walking
calling a cop or other authority figure mommy or daddy |
|
|
Term
| recovery from immediate trauma is often affected by |
|
Definition
severity of crisis reaction
ability to understand in retrospect what happened
stability of victim/survivor equilibrium after event
supportive environment
validation of experience |
|
|
Term
| recovery issues for survivors include |
|
Definition
getting control of event in victim/survivors mind
working out an understanding of event and as needed, a redefinition of values
reestablishing a new equilibrium/life
reestablishing trust
reestablishing a future
reestablishing meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remind the victim of the trauma |
|
|
Term
| trigger events will vary with different victims, but may include |
|
Definition
id of the assailant
sensing
anniversaries of the event
proximity of holidays or significant life events
critical phases of the criminal justice proceeding
media articles about a similar event |
|
|
Term
| The intensity of long-term stress reactions usually blank over time, as does the frequency of the... |
|
Definition
decreases
re-experienced crisis |
|
|
Term
| Long- term stress reactions may involve... |
|
Definition
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. |
|
|
Term
| the most frequent victims of PTSD are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTSD patients often feel..... |
|
Definition
| feel guilt or personal responsibility (“I should have prevented it”). |
|
|
Term
Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:
• The patient has experienced or witnessed or was confronted with an unusually traumatic event that has both of these elements: |
|
Definition
o The event involved actual or threatened death or serious physical injury to the patient or to others
o The patient felt intense fear, horror, or helplessness |
|
|
Term
Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• The patient repeatedly relives the event in at least one of these ways: |
|
Definition
o Intrusive, distressing recollections (thoughts, images)
o Repeated, distressing dreams
o Through flashbacks, hallucinations, or illusions, feeling or acting as if the event were recurring (includes experiences that occur when intoxicated or awakening)
o Marked mental distress in reaction to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble some part of the event
o Physiological reactions (such as rapid heart beat, elevated blood pressure) in response to these cues. |
|
|
Term
Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• The patient repeatedly avoids trauma-related stimuli and has numbing of general responsiveness (absent before the traumatic event), as shown by three or more of these: |
|
Definition
o Tries to avoid feelings, thoughts, or conversations concerned with the event
o Tries to avoid activities, people, or places that recall the event
o Cannot recall an important feature of the event
o Experiences marked loss of interest or participation in activities important to the patient
o Feels detached or isolated from other people
o Experiences restriction in ability to love or feel other strong emotions
o Feels life will be brief or unfulfilled (lack of marriage, job, children) |
|
|
Term
Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:
• The patient has at least two of the following symptoms or hyper-arousal that were not present before the traumatic event: |
|
Definition
o Insomnia (initial or interval)
o Angry outbursts or irritability
o Poor concentration
o Excessive vigilance
o Increased startle response |
|
|
Term
Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:
• The symptoms above have lasted longer than blank month(s) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:
• These symptoms cause... |
|
Definition
| clinically important distress or impair work, social, or personal functioning |
|
|
Term
| 25.1.2. Identify phases of a victim’s reaction to crime. |
|
Definition
The phases include:
• Impact
• Recoil
• Reorganization |
|
|
Term
25.1.3. Discuss the ripple effect of crime victimization.
The “ripple effect” progresses as follows: |
|
Definition
• Immediate victim
• Secondary victims: Family and friends
• Service providers, EMS, police |
|
|
Term
25.1.4. Discuss elements of crisis intervention.
Elements include: |
|
Definition
• Discuss feelings
• Need for stress management |
|
|
Term
25.1.4. Discuss elements of crisis intervention.
How to help victims: |
|
Definition
• Victim safety
• Listening/ventilation
• Direction
• Avoid second-guessing
• Help them deal with guilt
• Anger
• Rescue fantasy |
|
|
Term
25.1.4. Discuss elements of crisis intervention.
Interviewing: |
|
Definition
• Sensitive to feelings of victim
• Be aware of personal biases
• Professionalism |
|
|
Term
| Long-term stress or crisis reactions may be exacerbated or mitigated by the actions of others. When such reactions are sensed to be negative, whether or not they were intentional, the actions of others are called the |
|
Definition
| “secondary assault” and the feelings are often described as a “secondary injury” |
|
|
