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Veterinary Microscopic Anatomy exam 1 p 1
epithelia and glands
41
Histology
Professional
09/20/2011

Additional Histology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
functions of epithelia
Definition

protection from outside or inside (organ contents; ex stomach)

secretion

absorption

sensory

transport

 

Term
features of epithelia
Definition

where it came from:

ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

shape

cell-cell junctions

cell basement membrane junctions

 

Term
ectoderm tissues
Definition
skin
Term
endoderm tissues
Definition

respiratory

gastrointestinal

Term
mesoderm tissues
Definition

endothelial cells around blood vessels

mesothelium: body cavities

Term
shapes
Definition

squamous: flat

cuboidal: cube

coumnar: rectangle

Term
numer of layers
Definition

simple: 1

stratified: 2 or more

pseudostratified: all cells touch basement membrane and extend to top so it's one layer, but nuclei are randomly distributed so it looks stratified

Term
microvilli
Definition

short

hard to see: pink "brush border"

non motile

inc absorption surface area

only on simple or pseudostratified epithelia: must reach basement membrane to move fluids etc to other side

Term
cilia
Definition

long

easier to see

motile

also only on simple or pseudostratified epithelium

Term
sterocilia
Definition

long micorvilli

rare - epididymus and inner ear

Term
flagella
Definition

not found on epithelia

 

Term
goblet cells
Definition

similar to columnar cells

wide top, narrow base

granular cytoplasm

unicellular gland: secrete mucus

only on simple or pseudostratified

Term
simple squamous
Definition

fragile: protected areas

examples:

line blood vessels

line body cavities

caudal surface of cornea

kidney tubules (loop of henle)

 

Term
stratified squamous
Definition

deepest layers are more cuboidal, become more flat toward top

continual replacement/sloughing

pigment: in basal layers

examples:

oral cavity & pharynx

esophagus

anal canal

uterine cervix, vagina

cranial/ rostral cornea surface

Term
keratinizing
Definition

only in stratified squamous epithelium

superficial cells die and leave behind tough skeleton

more friction resistance

orthokeratosis: lose nuclei

parakeratosis: retain nuclei

examples:

skin

oral cavity, esophagus, forestomach (ruminants)

 

Term
simple cuboidal
Definition

examples:

kindey tubule/ nephron (+ microvilli)

pancreas

salivary gland

ducts (tubular)

Term
stratified cuboidal
Definition

uncommon

examples:

salivary ducts

apocrine ducts

Term
simple columnar
Definition

nuclei lined up apical vs basal

can have microvilli and/or goblet cells

examples:

intestines

gall bladder

Term
simple columnar with cilia
Definition

most but not all cells will have cilia

can have goblet cells

female reproductive tract

Term
pseudostratified columnar
Definition

usually have cilia and/or goblet cells

example:

respiratory tract

Term
stratified columnar
Definition

bottom/ basal layer usu more cuboidal

rare

examples:

conjunctiva, salivary gland duct

Term
transitional epithelium
Definition

changes based on how stretched or relaxed it is

relaxed: more stratified cuboidal

stretched: more stratified squamous

resists urine

examples:

bladder, ureters, urethra

only in urinary tract

Term
endocrine
Definition

secretes directly into the blood stream - no duct

examples:

thyroid, pituitary, pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)

Term
exocrine
Definition
secretes by a duct
Term
unicellular
Definition

goblet cells (exocrine)

enterochromaffin cells in GI (endocrine)

Term
secretory component
Definition

dumps secretions into a duct

almost always simple culboidal

Term
duct
Definition
brings secretions from secretory component to surface
Term
simple
Definition

DUCT does not branch

secretory component may or may not branch

Term
compound
Definition

Duct branches

secretory component will usually also branch

Term
tubular
Definition

cells of secretory component are arranged on a tube

shapes: straight, coiled, branched

Term
straight tubular
Definition
found in stomach and colon
Term
coiled tubular
Definition
found in apocrine glands, eccrine glands
Term
branched tubular
Definition
found in stomach
Term
Acinar or alveolar
Definition

secretory cells are arranged around a sphere

examples:

pancreas

salivary gland

Term
tubuloacinar / tubuloalveolar
Definition

combination

examples:

salivary gland (can be either compound alveolar or compound tubuloalveolar)

mammary glands

Term
Merocrine
Definition

membrane bound secretory vesicles form in the cytoplasm & fuse with luminal cell membrane to release contents outside the cell

can't be seen on microscope

mucus or serous

examples:

salivary

pancreas (exocrine)

eccrine glands

Term
Apocrine secretion
Definition

membrane bound peices of apical cell pinch off

can be seen rarely on microscope

examples:

mammary gland

apocrine / epitrichial gland

ceruminous (ear wax)

Term
Holocrine
Definition

entire CELL falls off and becomes secretory product

can be seen on microscope

examples:

fat

skin

eyelids

sebaceous

Term
serous secretion
Definition

watery

cells can have apical pink/eosinophilic granules

round nucleus

examples:

pancreas

salivary gland

Term
mucus secretion
Definition

viscous

foamy cytoplasm

nucleus of secretory cells displaced basally, flattened

examples:

GOBLET cells

salivary gland

stomach (body and pylorus)

Term
myoepithelium
Definition

between secretory cells and basement membrane

contract to move secretions from acinus to duct or further

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