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Veterinary histology
Location and function
67
Histology
Graduate
09/23/2012

Additional Histology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Osteoprogenitor cells
Definition
Periosteum and endosteum
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Surface of growing bone
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Lacunae of fully formed bone (calcified matrix)
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Sites of bone resorption
Term
Calcium hydroxyapatite
Definition
Inorganic calcium phosphate; mineralization in osteoid
Term
Trabecular bone
Definition
Spongy bone
Term
Myoepithilial cells
Definition
surround secretory glands
Term
Pericytes
Definition
contractile muscle cells that surround blood vessels
Term
Myofibroblasts
Definition
Contract and secrete collagen in healing wounds
Term
cytokeratin
Definition
intermediate filament in epithilial cells
Term
vimentin
Definition
intermediate filament in connective tissue
Term
desmin
Definition
intermediate filament in all muscle types - part of cytoskelatin
Term
epimysium
Definition
sheath that encapsulates entire muscle; continuous with muscle tendon
Term
perimysium
Definition
divides muscles into individual fascicles(visible with naked eye) **contains nerves and vessle**AEROLEAR LOOSE CT
Term
endomysium
Definition
delicate partition that surrounds each muscle fiber (cell) within fascicles - continuous with perimysium **contains capillaries **AEROLEAR LOOSE CT
Term
muscle fiber
Definition
long, multinucleate cylindrical cell (100 peripheral nuclei)
Term
Components making up muscle
Definition
Muscle<---fascicles<--muscle fibers (cells)<---myofibrils<---sarcomeres<---myofilaments<---actin and myosin
Term
A-band
Definition
dark, thick myosin filaments
Term

[image]

Red?

Definition

Z-line


Insertion point for thin (actin) filaments

Term

[image]

Blue?

Definition

M-line

 

Myosin fiber central attatchment

Term

[image]

Yellow?

Definition

H-band

Central, light part of A band which contains no thin filaments (only myosin and central attatchment)

Term

[image]

Purple?

Definition

A-band

Length of think (myosin) filaments

Term

[image]

Black?

Definition

I-band

Light zone between A-bands containing only thin (actin filaments0

Term
During contraction, what muscle bands change?
Definition

I-band and H-band narrow as Z-lines move closer together

 

Sarcomere gets shorter

Term

During contraction, what muscle bands do NOT change?

Definition
Width of A-band stays constant during contraction and stretching
Term
Motor unit
Definition

Group of muscles suppllied by an individual nerve fiber

 

Can range from a few to >1000 muscle fibers

Term
Neuromuscular junction
Definition

Specialized region of plasma membrane (sarcolemna) in which nerve terminal lies

 

AKA: motor end plate

Term
T-tubules
Definition
extension of muscle cell membrane which runs along sarcoplasmic reticulum--->carries action potential into cell so it may activate sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
Triad
Definition

complex formed where sarcoplasmic reticulum flanks t-tubule in skeletal muscles

 

**at junction if A-band and I-band

Term

Differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

 

Definition

Cardiac m. has:

1. Branching muscle fibers

2. 1 or 2 nuclei, CENTRALLY located

3.  intercalated disks = not electrically isolated

4. involuntary, controlled by autonomic nervous system

3. no NMJs, no motor nerve control

Term
Skeletal muscle is similar to cardiac muscle
Definition

1. strong and foceful contractions

 

2. Striated, contain myofibrils and sarcomeres

Term
[image]
Definition
Branching nerve supplying a motor unit
Term
[image]
Definition
intercalated disks
Term
Dyads
Definition
Sarcoplasmic reticulum on one side or the other of a t-tubule in cardiac muscle
**located at z-line
Term
Purkinje fibers
Definition
Specialized myocardial fibers that conduct an electrical stimulus or impulse that enables the heart to contract in a coordinated fashion
Term
Location of smooth muscle
Definition
Blood vessels
Intestines
Uterus
Respiratory tract
Term
Innervation of smooth muscle (3 things)
Definition
1. Autonomic nervous system
2. Hormones
3. Local metabolites

NO neurologic innervation
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
rhythmic/wave like contractions of smooth muscle
**slow, low-force but long lasting contractions
Term
%bone organic and inorganic
Definition
70%inorganic
30%organic
Term
Organic component of bone
Definition
90%collagen
10%ground substance
Term
inorganic component of bone
Definition
Hydroxyapetite (calcium phosphate)
Term
What cells secrete collagen matrix (osteoid)
Definition
osteoblasts
Term
What cells are osteoclasts derived from?
Definition
Mononuclear cells (same as macrophages)
Term
3 times osteobprogenetor cells develop into osteoblasts
Definition
normal growth (young animal)
fracture repair
normal bone remodeling
Term
shape of osteoblasts
Definition
cuboidal to low columnar
Term
how are osteocytes connected?
Definition
canaliculi - allows for transfer of waste and nutrients, coordination of response to hormones
Term
differences between chondrocytes and osteocytes
Definition
Chondrocytes are mitotically active and can form nests
Osteocytes are NOT mitotically active and exist by themselves
Term
protein part of bone?
Definition
Osteiod or collagenous extracellular matrix - synthesized by osteoblasts
Term
what makes up cancellous bone
Definition
trabeculae (thin bony projections)
Term
What cells are in compact bone
Definition
osteocytes in lacunae
Term
Where do blood vessels run in compact bone
Definition
haversianc anals
Term
Spongy bone has haverian systems?
True or False?
Definition
False
Term
Spongy bone has lamellae?
True or false?
Definition
True
Term
What lines trabeculae in spongy bone?
Definition
thin layer of endosteum
Term
What is outer layer of periosteum made up of
Definition
Dense connective tissue with few cells
Term
What is inner layer of peristoeum made up of?
Definition
Highly cellular - osteoblasts (embryo/young) and osteoprogenitor cells (adult)
Term
What lines all cavities of bone?
Definition
endosteum - lines aversion canals and marrow spaces
Term
What makes up endosteum?
Definition
Thin layer of squamous cells
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition
bone forms directly in primitive mesenchyme - does not have cartilage template
Term
What bones form via intramembranous ossification?
Definition
non-weight bearing bones
Flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicle
Term
Endochondral ossification
Definition
Bone forms on preexisting cartilage model (hyaline cartilage)
Term
What bones form via endochondral ossification?
Definition
Vertebral column, pelvis, limb bones - weight bearing bones
Term
3 steps in Intramembranous ossification
Definition

1. Mesenchymal condensation - mesenchymal cells secrete collagen and ground substance; fibroblasts and osteobrogenitor cells arise and trabeculae forms

2. Osteoblasts arise - osteoid is produced; some cells become entrapped and form osteocytes

3. Bone spicule formation - woven bone forms and is remodelled to lamellar bone; bone addition and removal shapes forming bone

Term
2 Steps in endochondral ossification
Definition

1. Hyaline cartilage template - Cartilage mineralizes, mineralized cartilage is removed, bone is deposited

2. Ossification centers form - primary (diaphysis) and secondary (epiphyses) --> eventually develop into medullary cavities

 

**cartilage continues growth in physis in epiphysial plate or growth plate

Term
epineureum is made of what kind of tissue
Definition
dense regular connective tissue
Term
what type of tissue is dura mater made of
Definition
dense CT
Term
what structure makes up grey matter in spinal cord
Definition
neuropil
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