Term
| Vesitbular system: organ of (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesitbular system: reports _____ and _______ of ______ and ______ |
|
Definition
| reports MOTION and POSITION of HEAD and BODY |
|
|
Term
| Vesitbular system: role in relation to head and body |
|
Definition
| maintains head upright on body |
|
|
Term
| Vesitbular system: helps us maintain what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesitbular system: influences what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesitbular system: type of sense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesitbular system: role in reflex and movement |
|
Definition
postural reflex
eye movement |
|
|
Term
| Equilbirum: A person is standing on a platform. THe platform moves. What information does the person need to maintain his postural stability? List in order of importance? |
|
Definition
Proprioception
Vestibular
Vision |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular system: is guided by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular system: what are the 2 motions it detects |
|
Definition
angular acceleration
liniear acceleration |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular system: structure(s) involved in detecting angular acceleration (shaking/nodding head) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular system: structures(s) involved in detect linear acceleration (motion along a line, elevator going up/down) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the otolith organs |
|
Definition
utricle
saccule
pair on each side |
|
|
Term
| Otolith organs: organ responsible for horizontal motion |
|
Definition
utricle
horizontal motion (side to side, forward backward, car movement) |
|
|
Term
| Otolith organs: organ responsbile for vertical motion |
|
Definition
| saccule (up/down, elevator) |
|
|
Term
| Otolith organs: when does the utricle fire |
|
Definition
only during acceleration/deceleration
once there is constant speed it is at equilibrium |
|
|
Term
| Otolith organs: contain this common structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Otolith organs: what do macula contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maculae of Utricle and Saccule: the sheet of hair cells have cilia which are embedded in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maculae of Utricle and Saccule: the gelatnious mass that the cilia are embedeed into has what embdedded into it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maculae of Utricle and Saccule: what provide inertia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maculae of Utricle and Saccule: when you move to one side, what drags the hair cels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular hair cells: 1 _____ and many _____ |
|
Definition
| 1 kinocilium and many stereocilia |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular hair cells: when are the hairs depolarized |
|
Definition
| when stereocilia are bent toward kinocilium |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular hair cells: when are hair cells hyperpolarized |
|
Definition
| when stereocilia are bent away from kinocilium |
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: movement of mass otolith membrane is relative to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: movement of mass otolith membrane relative to the endolymph leads to what |
|
Definition
| bending of hair cells which opens K+ channels |
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: movment of mass otolith membrane relative to the endolymph leads to bending of hair cells and opening of K+ channels which leads to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: if you tilt your head back and sustain the position, which way are the otoconia moving |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: if you tilt your head foward and sustain it which way are the otoconia moving? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: if you experience acceleration, which way will the otoconia move |
|
Definition
| backward (initiation of motion, heads get pulled backwards than returns to normal) |
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: if you experience deceleration which way will the otoconia move |
|
Definition
| forward (as you brake in a car, your head moves forward and then returns to neutral) |
|
|
Term
| Activation of Hair cells: otoconia move with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: how many do we have TOTAL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: how are they arranged |
|
Definition
| in parallel planes (x, y, z) complimentary to one another |
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: detect what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: superior canal detects what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: posterior canal detects what |
|
Definition
| head tilt to left and right |
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: horizontal canal detects what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: ampulla: what is it |
|
Definition
| small swelling at the base of the semicircular canals, houses the crista, contains hairs cells |
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: ampulla: what is a crista |
|
Definition
| elevated ridge of tissue inside ampulla of membranous semicircular canals |
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: ampulla: what is the cupula |
|
Definition
| gelatnious mass in which stereocilia are embedded |
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: ampulla: where is the cupula attached |
|
Definition
| to the roof of the ampulla |
|
|
Term
| Semicircular canals: ampulla: hair cells are covered with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cupula stimulation: if you turn your head to the left which way is the endolymph flowing in each horizontal semicircular canal |
|
Definition
will flow right/clockwise
(head is turning counter clockwise, endolymph goes opposite) |
|
|
Term
| cupula stimulation: if you turn your head to the left which way is the direction of bending of the cupula and hairs of receptor hair cells |
|
Definition
same as the endolymph, counterclockwise/to the right
opposite of head motion |
|
|
Term
| cupula stimulation: if you turn your head to the left which side is stimulated? inhibited? |
|
Definition
left is excited
right is inhibited/hyperpolarized |
|
|
Term
| cupula stimulation: if you turn your head to the left, why is the left horizontal semicircular canal excited |
|
Definition
| stereocilia push against kinocilia |
|
|
Term
| cupula stimulation: if you turn your head to the left, why is the right semicircular canal inhibited/hyperpoarlized |
|
Definition
| stereocilia pull away from kinocilia |
|
|
Term
| cupula stimulation: if there is a disagreement between which semicircular is firing during rotaiton what happens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you turn your head which semicircular canal has an increased firing |
|
Definition
| the side that you are turning to |
|
|
Term
| When does the horizontal semicircular canal fire |
|
Definition
| beginning and end of head motion |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular primary afferent: the peripheral process of this innervates the hair cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular primary afferent: the central process of this structure form CN VIII |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular primary afferent: CN VIII enters what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular primary afferent: CN VIII enteres the brainstem and termiantes in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular primary afferent: 4 main vestibular nuclei |
|
Definition
Lateral (Deiters)
Medial
Inferior
Superior |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular primary afferent: some afferent fibers also terminte directly where onto what structure |
|
Definition
| cerebellum on the flocculonodular lobe |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei complex: occupy a large area where in the brainstem |
|
Definition
| lateral part of brainstem just below floor of 4th ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei complex: the vestibular appartus is of importance in maintaing what |
|
Definition
| equilibrium and orientation in space |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei complex: difference between the vestibular nuclei |
|
Definition
| have specific connections and functional characteristics |
|
|
Term
| Information from the vestibular apparatus ultimately influences what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| info from the vestibular apparatus ultimately influence the motor system by means of connections between the vestibular nuclei and what 4 main areas |
|
Definition
cerebellum
spinal cord
reticular formation
ocular mm nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord: important descending pathway into the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord: vestibulospinal tract has what 2 parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord: lateral vestibulospinal tract origin |
|
Definition
| lateral vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord: role of lateral vestibulospinal tract |
|
Definition
| maintain posture-excite extensor mm |
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord: medial vestibulospinal tract also travels with what other tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord: role of the medial vestibulospinal tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract? Crossed or uncrossed? Ipsi or bilateral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebellum: connection from the cerebellum terminates on what |
|
Definition
| lateral vestibular nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellum: the connection from the cerebellum terminates on the lateral vestibular nucelus which in turn projects to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebellum: role of the connection between the cerebellum and lateral vestibular nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebellum: cerebellar lesion usually results in what type of tone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reticular formation: type of connection between the vestibular nuclei complex and the adjacent reticular formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reticular formation: reticular formation has a descending tract into the SC called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reticular formation: has descending tract to the SC which is an alternate route for what |
|
Definition
| to affect SC ventral horn cells (motor neurons) |
|
|
Term
| Reticular formation: role in equilibrium/balance |
|
Definition
| mediate nausae and vomiting |
|
|
Term
| Ocular mm nuclei: connection to what CN by way of MLF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular mm nuclei: are connected to CN III, IV, VI by way of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular mm nuclei: what is Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) |
|
Definition
| conjugate eye movmenet in response to vestibular stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Ocular mm nuclei: involve what vestibular nuclei |
|
Definition
| lateral, medial, superior |
|
|
Term
| Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: spawns between what parts |
|
Definition
| upper part of the brainstem to cervical SC |
|
|
Term
| Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: related to what neural structures (4) |
|
Definition
oculomotor centers
vestibular nuclei
motor nuclei of CN XI (spinal accessory)
motor neurons of the cervical cord |
|
|
Term
| Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: fibers from this structure arise from where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cortex connections are responsible for what: |
|
Definition
| perception of body orientation in extrapersonal space |
|
|
Term
| cortex connections are responsible for perception of body orientation in extrapersonal space via what pathways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular Nuclei Connections summary |
|
Definition
| connections are widespread |
|
|
Term
| What do we use our vesitbular system for with all of its connections |
|
Definition
regular posture
coordinate eye and head movements |
|
|
Term
| Receptors for balance (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the vestibular receptors feed into what structures |
|
Definition
cerebellum
vestibular nuclear complex |
|
|
Term
| the visual receptors and somatic receptors feed into what structures |
|
Definition
cerebellum
vestibular nuclear complex
reticular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| after the receptors feed into the cerebellum, vestibular nuclear complex, or reticular nuclei, what happens next? |
|
Definition
| information is fed from one structure ot the other or moves into central nervous processing |
|
|
Term
| From the vestibular nuclear complex, what happens PROXIMALLY as a result of central nervous system processing |
|
Definition
Oculomotor control (CN nuclei III, IV, VI)
eye movements |
|
|
Term
| From the vestibular nuclear complex, what happens DISTALLY as a result of central nervous system processing |
|
Definition
spinal motor control
CN nuclei XI
Vestibulospinal tracts
neck movements |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR): role with head movement |
|
Definition
gaze stabilization
maintains visual fixation while the head moves |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR): mechanisms for what |
|
Definition
| producing eye movements that counter head movements |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR): role of semicircular canals |
|
Definition
exert direct control over the eye mm
head turns L, eyes move R |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR): faster than what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Central projections of the vestibular system particpate in 3 major classes of reflexes: what are they? |
|
Definition
helping to maintain equilibrium and gaze during movement
maintaing posture
maintain mm tone |
|
|
Term
| what structure has a preference for alcohol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| central vestibular connection (good test question) |
|
Definition
| some afferent fibres go directly to the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| pt population that may prsent with vestibular symptoms and incontinence |
|
Definition
|
|
