Term
|
Definition
| All land tetrapods that lay amniotic eggs |
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Term
| Amniotic Egg Membranes (4) |
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Definition
1. Amnion - ecloses amniotic fluid
2. Allantois - respiration and waste removal
3. Yolk Sac - food and blood circulation
4. Chorion - forms placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| No fenestrae. Extant line - turtles. |
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Term
| Diapsids and extant lines (3) |
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Definition
| Two fenestrae. Squalmates (snakes, lizards, amphisbaenians), Crocodiles, and Birds. |
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Term
| Synpsids and extant group |
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Definition
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Term
| Features that made reptiles "true land verterbrates" |
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Definition
1. Strong interlocking vertebral column
2. Neck that turns
3. Dry, hard epidermis, scales, and claws
4. Specialized lings and imporved cardiovascular system
5. Movable jaw
6. Internal fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Intermediate layer is the molt line |
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Term
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Definition
| Snake scales which aid is locomotion |
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Term
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Definition
| Carapace dorsally and plastron ventrally |
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Term
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Definition
| Aid in breathing and snakes use to lift scutes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Lizard breaks off tail as escape mechanism. |
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Term
| Poisonous snake groups (3) |
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Definition
1. Opisthoglyphs (rear fanged)
2. Proteroglyphs (rigid fanged) Neurotoxic poison - cobra, coral snake, sea snake
3. Solenoglyphs (movable fangs) Hemolytic poison - vipers |
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Term
| Incomlete septum in snakes |
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Definition
| R&L ventricle mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tympanum, middle ear, and eustachian tube are lost, but auditory lobes appear in brain. |
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Term
| Oviduct in lizards and snakes |
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Definition
| Only right oviduct is functional |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Female reproduction without mating |
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Term
| Reptilian triats of Archeopteryx (10) |
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Definition
1. Long tail with caudal vertebrae
2. Thecodent teeth
3. Beak-like snout
4. No synscarum
5. Small sternum without keel
6. Fore-limb digits
7. Solid bones
8. Abdominal muscles
9. No pygostyle
10. Scales on body |
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Term
| Avian traits of Archeopteryx |
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Definition
1. Flight feathers
2. Reduced number of digits
3. Furcula (wishbone)
4. Scales on lower legs and beak
5. Fused metatarsals
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Term
| Distinctive bone features of modern birds (9) |
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Definition
1. Pneumatic bones
2. Large sternum with keel
3. Synsacrum - supports hind limb while walking, jumping, and perching
4. Pygostyle - supports tail feathers
5. Unicate ribs (overlapping)
6. Furcula - wish bone
7. Carpo-metacarpus - increase wing span
8. Tibio tarsus - ankle joint
9. One occipital condyle |
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Term
| Distinctive external features of modern birds |
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Definition
1. Wings with feathers
2. Beak
3. Fixed eyeballs
4. Long, mobile neck
5. Uropygeal gland - oil secretion
6. 4 toes with hallux (1st toe) pointing backwards |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Flight - remiges and rectrices
2. Body
3. Down - insulation and protection |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Primary flight feathers attatched to caropmetacarpus
2. Secondary attacked to ulna |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Flight feathers on first digit for slow flying and landing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Largest muscle attatched to keel for lift. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Underneath pectoralis for upstroke |
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Term
| Prototheria, Metatheria, Eutheria |
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Definition
Prototheria (monotremes) - reptile-like mammals with cloaca. Lay eggs.
Metatheria - masupilas
Eutheria - placentas |
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Term
| Monotremes (prototheria) extant groups (2) |
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Definition
| Spiny ant-eater and Duck-billed platypus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most of development is completed in marsupium (pouch). |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Distinctive features of placentals (17) |
|
Definition
1. Mammary glands
2. Hair
3. Muscular diaphragm
4. External ear
5. 3 ear ossicles
6. 2 occipital condyles
7. Sweat and oil glands
8. Heterodont dentition - two sets of teeth
9. Secondary palate - seperates food from nasal passage
10. Single dentary bone
11. Zygomatic arch (cheek bone)
12. Separate anus and urethra
13. Boconcave anucleate RBC's
14. Left arotic arch, complete double circulation, and homeothermy
15. Larynx as voice box
16. Enlarged cerebral hemispheres with cerebral cortex
17. Intra-uterine (viviparity) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Primitive mammals Ex. moles, shrews, hedgehogs |
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Term
|
Definition
| More specialized insectivores Ex. armadillos, slothes, South American ant-eaters |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ant-eat with long snout and sticky tongue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bats. Skin between digits. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Prosimians - lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers
2. Anthropoids - monkeys, apes, and human |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Long canines and have scent glands near anus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aquatic carnivores. Seals, Sea Lions, and walruses. |
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Term
| Ungulates and groups Perissodactlys and Artiodactyls |
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Definition
| Walk on tips of toe. Perissodactlys (horses) walk on hoofed tips off 1-4 toes. Artiodactyles (cattle, deer) walk on two toes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Elephants. Incisors form tusks. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Whales, dolphins, propoises |
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Term
|
Definition
| 3 chambered. Oxygenated blood is sent to the brain while deoxygenated blood is set to the lungs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Incomplete septum making up a partial 4 chambered heart. Cavum arteriosum, venosum, and pulmonale. Oxygenated blood goes to head while mixture goes to rest of body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Complete septum. While on land all body gets oxygenated blood, but in the water blood mixes. |
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Term
| Avian and mammalian circulation |
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Definition
| Complete double circulation. Entire body recieves oxygenated blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
- diaphragm
- gallbladder
- liver
- pancreas
- peritoneum
- small intestine
- spleen
- stomach
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|
Term
|
Definition
- pharynx
- lungs
- bronchial tubes
- trachea
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Term
|
Definition
- uterine horn
- kidney
- ovary
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- uterus
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Digastric |
| 2. |
Mylohyoid |
| 3. |
Geniohyoid |
| 4. |
Sternohyoid |
| 5. |
Sternomastoid |
| 6. |
Clavotrapezius |
| 7. |
External Jugular Vein |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Pectoantebrachialis |
| 2. |
Pectoralis Major |
| 3. |
Pectoralis Minor |
| 4. |
Xiphihumeralis |
| 5. |
Linea Albea |
| 6. |
Epitrochlearis |
| 7. |
Triceps (Long Head) |
| 8. |
Teres Major |
| 9. |
Subscapularis |
| 10. |
Serratus Ventralis |
| 11. |
Latissimus Dorsi |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Acromiotrapezius |
| 2. |
Levator Scapulae Ventralis |
| 3. |
Teres Major |
| 4. |
Triceps Lateral Head (Reflected) |
| 5. |
Triceps Long Head |
| 6. |
Triceps Medial Head |
| 7. |
Brachialis |
| 8. |
Clavodeltoid |
| 9. |
Anconeus |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Clavodeltoid |
| 2. |
Biceps Brachii |
| 3. |
Triceps Medial Head |
| 4. |
Epitrochlearis |
| 5. |
Triceps Long Head |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Long Head of Triceps |
7. |
Extensor Digitorum Communis |
| 2. |
Lateral Head of Triceps |
8. |
Extensor Digitorum Lateralis |
| 3. |
Brachialis |
9. |
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
| 4. |
Brachioradialis |
10. |
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris |
| 5. |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus |
11. |
Anconeus |
| 6. |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis |
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Brachioradialis |
8. |
Clavodeltoid |
| 2. |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus |
9. |
Biceps Brachii |
| 3. |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis |
10. |
Epitrochlearis |
| 4. |
Pronator Teres |
11. |
Long Head of Triceps |
| 5. |
Flexor Carpi Radialis |
12. |
Medial Head of Triceps |
| 6. |
Palmaris Longus |
13. |
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
| 7. |
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris |
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Aponeurosa |
| 2. |
Rectus Abdominus |
| 3. |
Transversus Abdominus |
| 4. |
External Oblique |
| 5. |
Internal Oblique |
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Multifidus |
| 2. |
Erector Spinae |
| 3. |
External Oblique |
| 4. |
Latissimus Dorsi |
| 5. |
Spinotrapezius |
| 6. |
Thoracolumbar Fascia (Cut) |
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Semitendinosus |
| 2. |
Biceps Femoris |
| 3. |
Caudofemoralis |
| 4. |
Gluteus Maximus |
| 5. |
Gluteus Medius |
| 6. |
Tensor Fascia Lata |
| 7. |
Sartorius |
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Sartorius |
| 2. |
Gracilis |
| 3. |
Skippy's Scrotum |
| 4. |
Semitendinosus |
| 5. |
Gastrocnemius |
| 6. |
Plantaris |
| 7. |
Soleus |
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Tibialis Anterior |
7. |
Gastrocnemius |
| 2. |
Extensor Digitorm Longus |
8. |
Biceps Femoris |
| 3. |
Peroneus Longus |
9. |
Semitendinosus |
| 4. |
Peroneus Brevis |
10. |
Semimembranosus |
| 5. |
Peroneus Tertius |
11. |
Adductor Femoris |
| 6. |
Soleus |
12. |
Vastus Lateralis |
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. |
Gastrocnemius |
| 2. |
-
|
| 3. |
Soleus |
| 4. |
- |
| 5. |
Tibia (Bone) |
| 6. |
- |
| 7. |
- |
| 8. |
- |
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|
|
Term
| Sensory or afferent nerves |
|
Definition
| Go from CNS to sense organs picking up sensory information |
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Term
|
Definition
| Takes messages from CNS to body parts |
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|
Term
| Dorsal tubular nerve cord forms: (4) |
|
Definition
| Fore-brain, mid-brian, hind-brain, and spinal cord. |
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