Term
| What do Agnathans Excrete? |
|
Definition
| Ammonia -- very toxic and needs to be diluted. |
|
|
Term
| What do Chondrichthyes excrete? |
|
Definition
| Ammonia -- very toxic and needs to be diluted. |
|
|
Term
| What do Osteichthyes excrete? |
|
Definition
| Ammonia -- very toxic and needs to be diluted. |
|
|
Term
| What do Amphibia excrete? |
|
Definition
| Ammonia -- very toxic and needs to be diluted. |
|
|
Term
| What do Reptilia excrete? |
|
Definition
| Uric acid -- toxic but is safely stored as white powder; doesn't have to be diluted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uric acid -- toxic but can be safely stored as white powder; used to keep the birds light! ^_^ |
|
|
Term
| What do Mammalia excrete? |
|
Definition
| Urea -- Less toxic than ammonia, more toxic than uric acid; is diluted in the body. |
|
|
Term
| How many chambers does the heart of a Agnathans have? |
|
Definition
| 2, don't exert much energy -- they float |
|
|
Term
| How many chambers does the heart of a Chondrichthyes have? |
|
Definition
| 2, don't exert much energy -- they float |
|
|
Term
| How many chambers does the heart of Osteichthyes have? |
|
Definition
| 2, don't exert much energy -- float |
|
|
Term
| How many chambers does the heart of a Amphibia have? |
|
Definition
Aquatic Stage: 2
Adult: 3
They gain another chamber as they move to land because they exert more energy on land. |
|
|
Term
| How many chambers does the heart of a Reptilia have? |
|
Definition
3, or 3.5, as the third chamber is partially divided
occasionally they have 4
This heart is the primitive form of more efficient hearts |
|
|
Term
| How many chambers does the heart of a animal in the Aves class have? |
|
Definition
4
Aves hearts are very efficient because they exert so much energy. |
|
|
Term
| How many chambers does the heart of an animal in the Mammalia class have? |
|
Definition
4
The heart of a mammalia is efficent and strong. |
|
|
Term
| What does an animal from the class of Agnathans use for respiration |
|
Definition
Gills and swim bladder
Gills: Water comes in the mouth, over the gills, out operculum
Swim bladder: some fish have modified the swim bladder into a primitive lung |
|
|
Term
| What does an animal from the class of Chondrichthyes use for respiration? |
|
Definition
Gills and swim bladder
Gills: Water comes in the mouth, over the gills, out operculum
Swim bladder: some fish have modified the swim bladder into a primitive lung |
|
|
Term
| What does an animal from the Osteichthyes class use for respiration? |
|
Definition
Gills and swim bladder
Gills: Water comes in the mouth, over the gills, out operculum
Swim bladder: some fish have modified the swim bladder into a primitive lung |
|
|
Term
| What does an animal from the class of Amphibia use for respiration? |
|
Definition
Lungs
Breath through skin
The ones who breath through their skin must stay moist at all times. |
|
|
Term
| What does an animal from the class of Reptilia use for respiration? |
|
Definition
| well developed lungs because they live on dry land |
|
|
Term
| What does an animal from the class of Aves use for respiration? |
|
Definition
Lungs
Air sacs
Birds absorb oxygen both on inhale and exhale because they're so efficent |
|
|
Term
| What does an animal from the class of Mammalia use for respiration? |
|
Definition
Lungs
Diaphragm
Diaghragm muscle draws air into lungs |
|
|
Term
| What are four characteristics that all members of chordate have? |
|
Definition
notochord
dorsal, hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
muscular, post anal tail |
|
|
Term
| What organisms belong to urochordata |
|
Definition
tunicates
sessile marine animals
planktonic
colonial |
|
|
Term
| When does the notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and postanal tail occur for urochordata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organisms belong to the caphalochordata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and postanal tail occur for cephalochordata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the subphylum vertebrata have that cephalochordatas do not have? |
|
Definition
neural crest
pronounced cephalization
a vertebral column
closed circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| In what kingdom, phylum, and subphylum are vertebrates classified? |
|
Definition
Kindgom: animalia
Phylum: chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata |
|
|
Term
| What are the classes of vertebrates? |
|
Definition
Agnatha
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia |
|
|
Term
What were the first vertebrates?
What were they like? |
|
Definition
Agnatha
They were:
jawless
fishlike
encased in bony plates
bottom dwellers |
|
|
Term
| In what superclass are lampreys and hagfish found and why? |
|
Definition
| In agnatha because they have much in common with the extinct version |
|
|
Term
| Do agnathans have paired fins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What were the first jawed fish?
Describe them. |
|
Definition
The first jawed fish were Gnathostomata.
They had: jaws, two pairs of paired appendages, and most were less than 1 centimeter long. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two classes of jawed fish? |
|
Definition
Osteichthyes
Chondrichthyes |
|
|
Term
| What is in the class Chondricthyes and what traits do they have in common? |
|
Definition
| Sharks and their relatives; they have lateral line system, jaws, and pierced fins in common |
|
|
Term
| What does oviparous mean? |
|
Definition
| These animals hatch from eggs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These animals hatch from eggs inside their mother's uterus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These animals develop inside the uterus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the swim bladder? |
|
Definition
| An adaption, derived from a lung, that enables bony fishes to adjust their density and thereby control their buoyancy.; can also be used as a primitive lung |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the lateral line system in fish? |
|
Definition
| A mechanoreceptor system consisting of a series of pores and receptor units(neuromasts) along the sides of the body of fishes and aquatic amphibians; detects water movements made by an animal itself and by other moving objects. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of keratinized scales? |
|
Definition
| They serve to waterproof scales. They may aid in locomotion. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the operculum? |
|
Definition
| A protective flap that covers four or five pairs of gills that bony fish use. The movement of the operculum and contraction of the muscles surrounding the gill chambers aids in water being drawn into the mouth, through the pharynx and out between the gills. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Cloaca? |
|
Definition
| A common opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts in all vertebrates except most mammals. |
|
|
Term
| What is the class for bony fish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two subclasses of bony fish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are a few examples of ray-finned fish? What are they like? |
|
Definition
| Some examples are: bass, trout, perch, tuna, salmon, sea-run trout, and herring. They have fins supported by long flexible rays, used to live in freshwater, now live in seas; now many live in freshwater again. |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of lobe-finned fish and what are they like? |
|
Definition
| Two groups of lobe-finned fist hare the coelocanths and rhipidistians, and the only known species left is a coelocanth named Latimeria chalumnae. They live in freshwater, their lungs continued to aid the gills in breathing air. They are bottomdwellers, walk under water, occasionally waddle on land. |
|
|
Term
| What were the first group of vertebrates to move onto land? |
|
Definition
| The first vertebrates to move onto land were of the class Amphibia! They may have been preceded by the Lobe-finned fish/lungfish. |
|
|
Term
| What is in the group of Amphibia? |
|
Definition
| 4000 species of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. |
|
|
