Term
| Neural Crest Cells arise from... |
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Definition
| edges of forming neural plate. |
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Term
| Neural Crest Cells have two migrations |
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Definition
1. dorsal lateral (superficial)
2. ventral (deep through somites) |
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Term
| Neural Crest Cells in Cranial Region form (10) |
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Definition
1. sensory roots of CN 5,7,9,10
2. Schwann Cells of PNS
3. Brachial Cartilages
4. Membranous Bones of Skull
5. Mesoderm
6. Dentine of Teeth
7. Head Mesenchyme
8. Cranial parasympathetic Ganglia
9. Ciliary Muscle of Eye
10. Meninges of CNS (pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater) |
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Term
| Neural Crest Cells of Trunk form... |
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Definition
1.Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Ganglia
2. Dorsal Root Ganglia
3. Meninges of CNS (pia, arachnoid, dura)
4. Schwann Cells of PNS
5. Adrenal Medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Olfactory
2. Optic
3. Oculomotor
4. Trochlear
5. Trigeminal
6. Abducens
7. Facial
8. Acoustic
9. Glossopharyngeal
10.Vagus
11.Accessory
11. Hypoglossal |
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Term
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Definition
| Olfactory (Special Sensory) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Trigeminal (mixed)
*Gasserian Ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Facial (mixed)
root ganglia- proximal
geniculate- distal |
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Term
|
Definition
Acoustic (ss)
Vestibuloacoustic ganglia |
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Term
|
Definition
Glossopharyngeal (mixed)
superior- proximal
petrosal- distal |
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Term
|
Definition
Vagus (mixed)
jugular- proximal
nodose- distal |
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Term
|
Definition
Accessory (motor)
Froieps ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Origins of Cranial Ganglia |
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Definition
1. Dorsolateral Placode
2. Epibrachial Placode
3. Neural Crest
(Cells from placodes= sensory or support cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| cause cells to lose shape (destroy microfilaments/ microtubules) |
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Term
| Mitotic spindle in Neural Tube Cells |
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Definition
| Vertical Axis initially and horizontal later |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Ependymal - 1 cell thick, ciliated, circulate CSF
2.Mantle- Cell Bodies and Glial Cells
3. Marginal- aons and glial cells (stains darker) |
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Term
| Oligodendrocytes (CNS) form from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Schwann Cells (PNS) form from |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
axons follow path of least resistance
1. Singer- axons follow holes/ tunnels
2. Silver/Sidman- parallel axons follow open path
3. Axons follow scratch in petri dish |
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Term
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Definition
axons grow along path of most adhesion
1. Letoureau- grid of palladium (non sticky) and Polyornithine (sticky) |
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Term
|
Definition
Axons pathfind along charge differential (in vitro)
**Patel |
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Term
|
Definition
Pathfinding in response to chemical signals (in vitro)
-Attractants and Repellants
** Gunderson and Barrett |
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Term
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Definition
| initiates response of COLLAPSE and RETRACTION in Growth Cone of Retinal axons |
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Term
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Definition
| initiates response of FREEZING in Growth Cone of Retinal axons |
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Term
| At birth, the human brain has |
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Definition
| 100 billion neurons and 1000 billion glial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Inductions of Olfactory Placode |
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Definition
1. Presump. Head endoderm
2. presump. Head mesoderm
3. telencephalon (seals fate) |
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Term
| Lifespan of Neurons in Olfactory Epithelium |
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Definition
| 1 month (replaced by basal stem cells) |
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Term
| Inductions of Otic Vesicle |
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Definition
1. Chordamesoderm
2. Paraxial (Somitomere) Mesoderm
**Somite Mesoderm of Head Region
3. Lateral Wall of Myelencephalon (Seals Fate) |
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Term
| Eye Development in 33 Hour Chick/ 3 Week Human |
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Definition
| Neuropores and Optic Vesicles Visible |
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Term
| Eye Dev. in 36 Hr Chick/ 4-5 week human |
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Definition
Lens Placode induced by forming Optic Vesicles
- Placode Imm begins to invaginate
Optic Vesicles invaginate to form Optic Cup |
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Term
| Eye Dev. in 7-8 Week Human |
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Definition
Optic Cups Closed
- Lens Vesicle Circle
-Optic Vesicles>>Lens Placode>> Optic Cups |
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Term
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Definition
| Where blood vessels and nerves enter/ leave eye |
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Term
|
Definition
| neurons of SENSORY RETINA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sensory Portion of Sensory Retina |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| from Ciliary Body to Ora Serrata (groove) |
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Term
|
Definition
| from Ciliary Body to Edge of Optic Cup |
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Term
|
Definition
Muscles controlling Lens shape
** Connected to Lens by Ligaments |
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Term
| At 5-6 Weeks, Layers of Human Eye |
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Definition
| Outer Neuroblastic Layer of Sensory Retina |
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Term
| At 6-7 Weeks, Layers of Human Eye |
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Definition
| Outer Neuroblastic Cells begin dividing and move deeper to form INNER NEUROBLASTIC LAYER |
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Term
| At 7-8 Weeks, Layers of Human Eye |
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Definition
| Inner Neuroblastic cells begin to divide and move in to form inner most Neuron Layer |
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Term
| Outer Neuroblasts contain |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Outer Neuroblasts contain |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Innder Neuroblasts contain... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Innermost neurons contain |
|
Definition
| ganglion cells (sprout axon to form optic nerve) |
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Term
|
Definition
** induced by sensory retina
pars iridea, lens vesicle, and cornea |
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Term
| 6-7 Weeks Lens development |
|
Definition
- lens vesicle cells farthest from forming cornea start to lengthen
- elongated interior cells= Primary Lens Fibers
Non-elongated (near cornea)= lens epithelium (cuboidal) |
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Term
| Germinative Mitotic Region of Lens gives rise to... |
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Definition
| Secondary Lens Fibers (produce crystallines) |
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Term
| 3 Major Mesodermal Regions |
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Definition
1. Somite (Epimere)
2. Intermediate (Mesomere/Nephromere)
3. Lateral Plate/ Ventral (Hypomere) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Dermatome (dermis of dorsolateral wall)
2. Myotome- skeletal muscles
3. Sclerotome- axial skeleton and vertebrae
4. myocoel- embryonic |
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Term
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Definition
| dermis of dorso-lateral body wall |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| axial skeleton and vertebrae (not skull) |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Derivatives of Intermediate Mesoderm |
|
Definition
1. Nephric/ Excretory System
- Pronephros (adult kidney in primitive fish)
- Mesonephros (adult kid in amph.)
-Metanephros (adult kid in amniotes)
2. Parts of Genital System
- gonads and ducts |
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Term
| Components of Lateral Plate/ Ventral Mesoderm |
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Definition
1. Somatic Mesoderm--- Tissues
2. Splanchic Mesoderm--- Structures (Heart/BV) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Structures (Heart and Blood Vessels) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wolffian Ridge Region of Somatic Mesoderm |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What determines the type of limb that develops? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Muscle of limb develops from |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Lateral Plate Somatic Mesoderm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lateral Plate Splanchnic Mesoderm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Spinal Cord Motor Nuerons (grow into limb) |
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Term
| Sensory Neurons of Limb from... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Schwann and pigmented cells of limb from... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| webbed/ fused digits. (apoptosis did not occur) |
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Term
|
Definition
| cavity lined completely by mesoderm. |
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Term
| # of teeth in adult human |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Keratinized Stratified Sqaumous Epithelium
2. Lamina Propria of loose CT |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| These extend into the dentin matrix from odontoblasts |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In the CROWN region of the tooth, the dentin is covered by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hardest substance in the body |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ameloblasts (BEFORE it erupts from socket) |
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Term
| In the ROOT region, dentin is covered by |
|
Definition
| Cementum (similar to bone, but no Haversian System) |
|
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Term
| This connects the cementum to the bone |
|
Definition
| Peridontal Ligament by Sharpey's fibers |
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Term
| Junctional Epithelium is.. |
|
Definition
| where gingive meets tooth |
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Term
| Epithelium is bound to tooth at |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The cuticle is also called |
|
Definition
| Epithelial Attachment of Gottlieb (looks like a thickened basal lamina) |
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Term
| Junctional Epithelium is attached to cuticle by |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| thickened epithelium of jaw surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
invagination of vestibular lamina
-forms vestibule. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dentine and pulp of tooth |
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Term
| Inner Enamel Epithelium will form |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Neural crest cells in dental papilla will form |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cervical loop will become |
|
Definition
| Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath |
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Term
| At 6 Weeks, blood stem cells are found in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From 8-16 weeks, blood stem cells are found... |
|
Definition
| in developing spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. |
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Term
| After 16 weeks, blood stem cells are found |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At 4 weeks, blood stem cells are found in |
|
Definition
| extraembryonic splanchnic mesododerm of YOLK SAC. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior mesenteric artery supplies |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior mesenteric artery supplies |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Right and Left Umbilical Veins are found only |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Before Basilar Artery is formed, vertebral arteries.. |
|
Definition
| connect directly to Circle of willis. |
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Term
| Right Dorsal Aortic Root anterior to arch #3 forms |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Right dorsal aortic root b/w #3 and 4 forms |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Left dorsal aortic root anterior t #3 forms |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Lt. Dorsal aortic root b/w 3 and 4 forms |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Rt. Dorsal Aortic Root posterior to 4 forms |
|
Definition
| descending rt. subclavian. |
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Term
| Lt. Dorsal Aortic root posterior to 4 forms |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| small arteries in rt. mandible |
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Term
|
Definition
| small arteries in left mandible |
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Term
|
Definition
| small arteries in hyoid region. |
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Term
|
Definition
| small arteries in left hyoid region. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| right pulmonary and ductus arteriousus |
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Term
|
Definition
| lt pulmonary and ductus arteriousus in embryo |
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Term
| RT V. A. R anterior to #3 |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Truncus arteriousus becomes |
|
Definition
| part of systemic and pulmonary trunk |
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Term
|
Definition
| bases of systemic and pulmonary trunks. |
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Term
| Left subclavian is formed by |
|
Definition
| 7th intersegmental artery |
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Term
| Ductus arteriousus is formed to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Right and left vertebral arteries are connected to _______ and form from ______ |
|
Definition
| subclavian, intersegmental |
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|
Term
| Circle of Willis circles the |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| lt and rt v and d aortic roots and 4th arch |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesenteric segment of IVC |
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Definition
| Cephalic portion of Rt. Subcardinal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anastomosis of RT and LT subcardinal veins and anastomosis of subcardinal anastomosis and rt. supracardinal vein. |
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Term
| Post Renal Segment of IVC |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Anastomosis of rt and lt posterior cardinal veins |
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Term
| At 6 weeks, formation of IVC.. |
|
Definition
1. rt and left subcardinal veins fuse
2. iliac anastomosis |
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Term
|
Definition
1. supracardinal veins form
2. right subcardinal fuses to rt. vitelline
3. sub/supracadinal anastomosis |
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Term
| AT 8 weeks, formation of IVC |
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Definition
1. most posterior cardinal degenerate
2. hyperboly of rt. vv (hepatic segment)
3. anastomosis and hyperboly of subcardinal veins |
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Term
|
Definition
| rt. posterior cardinal and supracardinal. |
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Term
| rt. anterior cardinal forms _____ and the portion closest to c.c forms_____ |
|
Definition
| rt. internal jugular and right brachiocephalic (innominate) |
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Term
| Segmental branches of rt. anterior cardinal form |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lt. internal jugular and hightest intercostal vein |
|
|
Term
| segmental branches of lt. anterior cardinal form |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| oblique vein of heart (loses connection to sinus venosus) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. (ant to liver)hepatic segment of IVC
2. small veins in liver
3. (post to liver)Hepatic portal vein and superior mesenteric artery |
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Term
|
Definition
1. (ant to liver) degenerates
2. At liver, small veins and capillaries
3. post to liver, hepatic portal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
conection to S.V degenerates
2. at liver, small veins
3. post to liver, degenerates |
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Term
|
Definition
1. connection to SV degenerates
2. at liver, small veins
3. post to liver, connects to ductus venosus in liver (supplies blood from placenta and mother) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| connects L UV to IVC in order to shunt blood to Right Side of Heart |
|
|
Term
| Hepatic Portal Vein connects |
|
Definition
| small intestine to liver. |
|
|
Term
| 4 pulmonary veins connect to ____ atrium by _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nasolacrimal Groove will form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maxillary and nasomedial processes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| lateral and ventro-lateral portion of mandibular arches |
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Term
|
Definition
1. forms from hyomandibular cleft
2. ectoderm and endoderm |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ectodermal lining of olfactory pit with endodermal lining of pharynx. (degenerates) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
maxilla, mandible, malleus, and incus of middle ear
CN #5 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
facial bones and cartilage, stapes of Middle Ear
CN #7
**"Opercular Flap" of cervical sinus in Embryo |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inferior Parathyroid 3 and thymus 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laryngeal Cartilages, CN #10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parathyroid, Thymus, Ultimobrachial bodies 4 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develops from 6 swellings (auricular hillocks) that border hyomandibular cleft |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| utriculus and semicircular canals |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroglossal ducts breaks up during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parathyroid hormone (increases blood calcium) |
|
|
Term
| ultimobrachial bodies secrete |
|
Definition
| calcitonin (decrease blood calcium) |
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|
