Term
| Most Successful groups out of all the groups listed...; in terms of diversity in the number of species |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals first appeared in the fossil record during_____ period. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fish belonging to the class Sarcopterygii first appeared in fossil record during ______ period |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Statement below pertaining to Darwin's Natural Selection theory is FALSE? |
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Definition
| Changes in population occur over short periods |
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Term
| Animals in phylum Chordata share all characteristics with the exception of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which statement about ostracaderms is FALSE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extant (living) sharks belong to the class _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the crane video, birds began their journey in _____ followed the ultra-light airplane to ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Frogs and toads belong to the class Amphibia and subclass _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vertebrate group listed below as skeletal system composed of entirely cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Vertebrate group listed below is thought to be direct ancestors of tetrapods (land vertebrates)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Statement pertaining to the class Sarcopterygii is FALSE? |
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Definition
| They have fins that do not contain muscle |
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Term
| Vertebrates that inhabited land were first found in fossil record during the _____ period. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which statement about the class Amphibia is FALSE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds are _____ in their production of offspring. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Leader of the Meerkat group and Dominant female in the group was ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The Evolution development of a plant and animal species or its ancestral history is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What trait is listed below that is NOT shared by birds and animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some of the earliest jawed fish belonged to the class _____ |
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Definition
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Term
The most successful vertebrate group listed below, in terms of diversity and number of species is
A. Ray finned Fish
B. Birds
C. Hagfish
D. Mammals
E. Amphibians |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds first appeared in the fossil record during the ____ period. |
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Definition
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Term
| Reptiles first appeared in the fossil record during the _____ period. |
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Definition
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Term
Which vertebrate group listed below was the first to appear in the fossil records?
A. Ray finned fish
B. Lobe finned Fish
C. Ostracoderms
D. Amphibians
E. sharks |
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Definition
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Term
Animals in the phylum Chordata share all the characteristics listed below at some point in their life history with the exception of
A. Notochord
B. vertebrae
C. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
D. pharyngeal slits
E. Postanal tail |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements about the ostracoderms is FALSE?
A. They are thought to be the first fossils identified as vertebrates
B. They had well developed jaws
C. They were first found in the Cambrian period
D. They had a bony shield covering the head
E. They are thought to be the ancestors of living fish |
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Definition
| They had well developed Jaws |
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Term
| Fish sold in the fish markets almost always belong to the class ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Sharks, skates, and rays belong to the class ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vertebrate group listed below has a skeletal system composed entirely of cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vertebrate group listed below is thought to be the direct ancestors of tetrapods (land vertebrates)? |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement listed below pertaining to the class Sarcopterygii is FALSE?
A. They are thought to b the direct ancestors of amphibians
B. The lungfish are in this class
C. They have fins that are not supported by bone.
D. The tetrapod limb evolved from the fins of this group
E. They are sometimes referred to as "living fossils" |
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Definition
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Term
| Vertebrates that inhabited land were first found in the fossil record during the _____ period |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement listed below about the class Amphibia is FALSE?
A. They are derived from organisms known as rhipidistian fishes
B. The Class includes frogs, toads and salamanders
C. They use the skin for gas exchange (breathing)
D. They have fine scales on the skin
E. They have a bony skeleton |
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Definition
| They have fine scales on skin |
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Term
Birds are _____ in their production of offspring
A. Oviparous
B. Viviparous
C. Ovoviviparous
D. Multiparous
E. semiparous |
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Definition
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Term
| A mating system in which a male and a female pair to produce offspring is termed as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
The evolutionary development of a plant or animal species or its ancestral history is known as
A. ontogeny
B. phylogeny
C. Teleology
D. anthropomorphism
E. protosomata |
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Definition
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Term
Some of the earliest jawed fish belonged to the class ______
A. Myxini
B. Cephaliaspidomorphi
C. Petromysoniformes
D. Acanthodii
E. Actinopterygii |
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Definition
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Term
In the vertebrate organisms early transition from a water existence to living on land, which of the following adaptations did not occur?
A. A neck developed
B. Paired fins in pelvic and pectoral regions were converted to limbs
C. Gills were replaced by lungs
D. Median fins located along the back of the animal were no longer useful and eventually disappeared over many generations
E. Eggs were developed that could be laid away from water |
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Definition
| Eggs were developed that could be laid away from water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most animal species are ______ and _______ |
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Definition
| Polygynous and promiscuous |
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Term
Which bird species was the first to follow and ultralight plane and how that migrating birds would imprint and follow such a plane?
A. Whooping cranes
B. Sandhill Cranes
C. Robins
D. Canada Geese
E. Mallard Ducks |
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Definition
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Term
The predators that are the greatest threat to the meerkats are
A. Other meerkats
B. Lions and tigers
C. Hawks and snakes
D. Humans
E. Moles |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the leader of the Whiskers gang of Meerkats? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the grouping of animals based upon similar characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| the grouping of animals based upon common ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
| Based upon term phylogeny which is the evolutionary history of a group |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Kingdom > Phylum > Subphylum > Superclass > Class > Subclass > Order > Family > Genus and Species |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between the survival or reproductive success of individuals with specific phenotypes compared to other phenotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its local (immediate) environment |
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Term
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Definition
| implies that the most fit organism goes on to reproduce and pass its favorable traits on to the next generation |
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Term
| Charles Darwin's Four Postulates |
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Definition
1. Individuals within a species vary
2. Some of this variation is passed on to future generations
3. In every generation most offspring are produced that can survive
4. Survival and reproductive success of individuals is not random |
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Term
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Definition
Acanthodii - Silurian Period
Actinopterygii > Chondrostei - Silurian Period
> Neopterygianii - Permian Period
Sarcopterygii > Dipnoi - Devonian Period
> Crossopterygii - Devonian Period
Myxini - Ordovician Period |
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Term
| Tetrapods (land organisms) |
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Definition
Amphibia - Devonian Period
Reptilia - Carboniferous Period
Aves (Birds) - Jurassic Period
Mammalia - Triassic Period |
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Term
| Phylum > Subphylum1 > Subphylum2 > Subphylum3 |
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Definition
| Chordata > Vertebrata > Urochordata > Cephalochordata |
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Term
| Phylum Chordata Shared Characteristics |
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Definition
Notochord
Pharyngeal Slits
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
Postnatal Tail |
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Term
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Definition
Tunicates or Sea Squirts
Marine Environment
Adult is Sessile- Pharyngeal Slits Only
Larval Form is Free Swimming- All Four chordate characteristics |
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Term
| Subphylum Cephalochordata |
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Definition
Amphioxus
Marine
No larval form and adult shows all four chordate characteristics
Tunicates and Amphioxus often called Protochordates |
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Term
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Definition
Have all four characteristics at some point in life history
Very successful group in terms of numbers and diversity |
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Term
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Definition
Had Common Ancestor
Thought to be a larval form of an organism like the tunicates that failed to metamorphose into the adult form
Paedormorphosis- retention of Juvenile features of Ancestors in the adult
Larval stages of ancestors become the reproductive "adult" stages of descendants |
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Term
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Definition
Unknown Orign
Ostracoderms- the First known Vertebrates
No Jaws (Agnathans)
First Found in Cambrian Period
Classified in Superclass AGNATHA
Extinct Jawless Fish
Ancestors to Living Fish |
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Term
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Definition
5 Classes
Myxini (Hagfishes)- Ordovician
Cephalaspidomorphi (Living Lampreys) - Carboniferous
Pteraspidomorphi (ostracoderms) - Cambrian |
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Term
| Superclass : Gnathostomata Extinct Forms |
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Definition
Jawed Vertebrates
Great Evolutionary Advance
First appeared in fossil record as 2 classes
Acanthodii and Placadermi
Neither on main line of vertebrate evolution |
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Term
| Superclass Gnathostomata Living Forms |
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Definition
Chodrichthyes aka Elasmobranchii - sharks, skates and rays
Sarcopterygii (Lobe-finned Fish)- Lungfish and Latimeria
Actinopterygii - Modern Ray Finned Fish |
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Term
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Definition
Cartilage for Skeleton- No bone
Subclass- Elasmobranchii- Sharks, Skates, and Rays
Naked Gill Slits
First appeared in Fossil Record during Silurian Period |
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Term
| Class Chondrichthyes Continued |
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Definition
Subclass- Holocephali- "Ratfishes"
covered Gill Slits
Appeared in Devonian
NOT IMPORTANT GROUP |
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Term
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Definition
Lobe-Finned Fish
Thought to be Ancestors of Tetrapods
Have fleshy muscular fins- Tetrapod Limbs
subORDER; Dipnoi- Lungfish
superORDER; Crossopterygii- includes a Rhipidistian Fish- thought to be the ancestor to the first land vertebrates- TETRAPODS |
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Term
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Definition
Fins not supported by bony elements
Subclass - Chondrostei- Primitive Ray Finned Fish
Subclass - Neopterygii- Moderun Fish we Catch and Eat |
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Term
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Definition
All living fish except HAGFISH and Lampreys belong to either cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) or bony fish (Osteichthyes)
Fish outnumber all other vertebrates combined |
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Term
| Overview of Fish Continued |
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Definition
Ostracoderms had external bone which extended internally in later groups (bony fish)
Bone was reduced or lost in cartilaginous fish, cyclostomes and some primitive "bony fish" such as lungfish
Fish are major players in the vertebrate story |
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Term
| Overview of Fish Continued |
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Definition
Jaws and paired appendages (fins) first appeared within fish
Sarcopterygii gave rise to first tetrapods
Tetrapods inherited paired appendages, jaws, and vertebral columns from fish |
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Term
superCLASS: Gnathostomata
CLASS: Amphibia |
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Definition
First Land Tetrapods- Appeared in Devonian
Labyrinthodonts were first Amphibians
Ichthyostega- Labyrinthodont Amphibian
Descended from Rhipidistian Fish Ancestor
Subclass Lissamphibia- Living Frogs, Toads, Salamanders |
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Term
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Definition
Gave rise to both mammals and Birds
Appeared in Carboniferous
Had advantages over amphibians- Not tied to water for reproduction
Termed Amniotes Due to Extra embryonic membranes- Mammals and birds have this too |
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Term
| Advantages of Reptilia Over Amphibians |
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Definition
Extra embryonic Membranes
Thick skin to prevent drying out
neck that expanded field of vision
Pelvic Girdle with more firm attachment for limbs
Scaly and Clawed |
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Term
Class Reptilia
subCLASS: Anapsida |
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Definition
Living and extinct turtles
distinct shell
can retract head and limbs into shell |
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Term
Class Reptilia
subCLASS Lepidosauria |
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Definition
Komodo Dragon of Indonesia is the Largest known lizard
Snakes and Lizards
Snakes evolved from lizards and limbs were lsot |
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Term
Class Reptilia
subCLASS Archosauria |
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Definition
Includes ancestors to alligators, crocodiles, caimans and birds
Living alligators and crocodiles and Caimans
Extinct Pterosaurs
Extinct Dinosaurs |
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Term
Class Reptilia
subCLASS: Synapsida |
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Definition
Many extinct forms and ancestors to Mammals
Great Diversity in Forms
Both Predators and Herbivores |
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Term
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Definition
Birds
Birds outbumber all vertebrates except fish
Great Diversity in form and Life histories
Birds were derived from a Bipedal Archosaurian Reptile
Sometimes called "Glorified Reptiles with Feathers" Only Birds have Feathers |
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