Term
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Definition
| early vertebrates; jaw-less fishes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hag Fishes + Vertebrates
NOT LAMPREYS |
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Term
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Definition
| transition group between the craniates and invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
| Protochordates + craniates |
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Term
| 5 common traits of chordates |
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Definition
1.Notochord - support structure
2.Dorsal tubular nerve cord - becomes brain and spinal cord
3.Pharyngeal pouches ( slits) - filter-feeding and breathing
4.Post anal tail
5.Endostyle - becomes thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ancestral traits seen in modern descendents |
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Term
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Definition
| modified traits(derived traits) |
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Term
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Definition
| based on shared synapomorphies |
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Term
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Definition
| serial repetition of structures along the longitudinal axis |
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Term
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Definition
| columns of tissue that separates the gill slit |
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Term
| 3 exant protochordate groups |
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Definition
| Hemichordates, Urochordates and cephalochordates. |
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Term
| Hemichordates (Protochordate) |
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Definition
| Acorn worms ( Saccoglossus) – tube dwelling filter-feeders |
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Term
| Urochoradates (Protochordate) |
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Definition
| Ascidians – larvae have a distinct notochord in the tail |
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Term
| Cephalochordates (Protochordate) |
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Definition
| Amphioxus ( pointed at both ends) or lancelet eels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two main groups of early gnathostomes |
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Definition
| Placoderms and Acanthodians |
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Term
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Definition
| bottom dwelling fishes with a body covering of dermal bony plates |
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Term
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Definition
| sharks, skates, rays, rat fishes or Chimeras |
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Term
| Anatomy of an Elasmobranch Shark: Placoid scales |
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Definition
| bony basal plate and backwardly directed spine made of dentin |
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Term
| Anatomy of an Elasmobranch Shark: Intestine |
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Definition
| Intestine has spiral valves, increasing surface area. |
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Term
| Anatomy of an Elasmobranch Shark: Gills |
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Definition
| 5 gills with arch, fillaments, and rakers. |
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Term
| Anatomy of an Elasmobranch Shark: Heart |
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Definition
| Heart is 4 chambered, but it is like a twisted “s” shaped tube, and it maintains a single blood circuit |
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Term
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Definition
Shark heart:
1.Ventricle
2.Atrium
3.Sinus venosus
4.Coronary artery
5.Conus arteriosus
6.Ventral aorta
7.Afferent branchial arteries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant (97% of all the fishes) bony fishes. Have operculum, thin bony dermal scales, swim-bladders, well developed lateral line system, and usually 4 pairs of gills. |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple dorsal finlets; has large, primitive ganoid scales and two-lobed “lungs”. The endoskeleton is fully ossified. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endoskelon is cartilaginous, and scales have no ganoin; only tail area has small bony scales. |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilaginous skeleton, and small bony scales (called scutes), embedded in skin; their eggs are the source of caviar. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Australian lung fish, uses gills for oxygen, but can use the lungs when oxygen content is low in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cranium is cartilaginous, but they have bony trunk skeleton. They have air-bladders that act as lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
jawless fishes.
1.Ostracoderms
2.Cyclostomes |
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Term
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Definition
| “Shell-skinned” bottom-feeding, jaw-less fishes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 exant groups of lissamphibians and example species from each group |
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Definition
1.Anura- bullfrog
2.Urodeles - salamander
3.Apoda - caecilian |
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Term
| Two major groups of Bony fishes (Osteichthyes) and two living examples of each group |
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Definition
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1.Actinopterygians – strugeons, paddlefish
2.Sarcopterygians - dipnoan, actinistian |
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Term
| Ostracoderms and vertebrate origins |
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Definition
| Use of gills not for feeding, but exclusively for respiration. Covered in an armor of bony plates. Became extinct at the end of the Devonian period. |
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Term
| Chordate traits of Amphioxus |
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Definition
| Hollow nerve cord running along the back, pharyngeal slits, a tail that runs past the anus, muscles arranged in blocks called myomeres. |
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Term
first pharyngeal arch
second pharyngeal arch |
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Definition
1. mandibular arch - becomes upper and lower jaw
2. hyoid arch - supports tongue and pharynx |
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Term
| Trends in vertebrate evolution |
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Definition
1. Endoskeleton - no size restriction
2. Filter-feedeing to biting/chewing
3. Tubular nerve cord - brain and spinal cord
4. Limb girdles/skeleton specialization - land colonization
5. skin specialization to prevent desiccation
6. double circulation
7.internal fertilization
8. Intra-uterine development (uterus) |
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