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| Is concerned with describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
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| has been called humanities oldest science and, indeed, virtually every human society has practiced ___ by applying names to the organisms |
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| was first applied consistently to animal species and this work has become the foundation of zoological nomenclature |
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| where lower levels or ranks were nested within higher levels. Each of these level is referred to as a ______ |
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| Total definition is hierarchical classification, taxonomic category is blank |
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Evolution of natural selection:
1.more individuals are born each generation than can survive & reproduce
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2.there is trait variation among individuals
3.at least some of this trait variation is heritable |
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| changes in gene frequencies through time. |
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| structures in two or more species which are derived from a common ancestor |
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| structures with similar characteristics that are NOT derived from a common ancestor |
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| if it contains the most recent common ancestor and all members of a group, but excludes some descendants of the ancestor |
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| if it contains the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendents. |
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| if the members of the group are derived from two or more ancestors not common to all members of the group |
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class cephalaspidomorphi
subphylum vertebrata |
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| trigger fish, puffer fish |
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| Reptiles are paraphyletic |
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| pheasants, turkeys, grouse, quail |
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| swallows, crows, sparrows, black birds |
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| shrews, moles, hedge hogs |
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| dogs, cats, raccoons, seals minks |
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| pigs, hippos, deer, camels |
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| roughness of the ctenoid scale is caused by a number of small spines called |
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| both scales grow from the center out, producing a series of roughly concentric growth rings called |
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| also some of these circuli are squeezed together in places creating very distinct rings called |
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| sharks and rays have what kinda scales |
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| gars have what kinda scales |
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| gigantic mammals have a series of ringed plate-like structure called ______ which are suspended from the roofs of there mouth |
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| flamingos have a curious bent bill with a series of small sieve-like structures called ____ along there bills |
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| this food type is very important to two groups of mammals which are _____ and ____. also what is this food type? |
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| rodents, ungulates, HERBivores |
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| Ungulates fall into two general groups of herbivores which are ____ and _____ |
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| rabbits effectively digest food twice by re-eating there pellets. this is called |
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| these teeth tend to be highly developed, often being both elongated and very sharp |
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| in particular, note the fourth upper premolar and the first lower molar teeth. these teeth are set in the jaw so that when the jaw is closed, they slide by each other and provide a shearing action on the animals food. this pair of teeth is called the |
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| a group of fish-eating ducks called mergansers has a series of small, tooth-like _____ along the edge of their bills |
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| What are the six types of diets? |
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Granivores
Frugivores
Insectivores
Carnivores
Herbivores
Filter feeders |
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